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1、全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义第一节 考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法第一部分 考试介绍一、考试题型词汇和语法部分 50题 25分 25分钟阅读理解 50题 55分 75分钟完型填空 20题 20分 20分钟二、考试要求掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（
2、Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。在其后会分专题来讲解。第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。题材广泛，选题多样。类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级等同。四、基本复习策略综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为
3、了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。第三，阅读能力要强。任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。包括实务考试，如果文章内容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译肯定是不行的。以上三点经验之谈，仅供参考。定
4、语从句的讲解、练习及译法1that和which用法比较：1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true. 他说他很忙，那是假的。We dont want to enter the house, which is very cold. 我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。2) which用于介词后做宾语。e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large. 窗户正对着海的房间很大。The chair in which you are sitt
5、ing is made of iron. 你坐的椅子是用钢做的。3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district. 装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。That is only thing that I want to know
6、. 那是我唯一想知道的事情。The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy. 你买的最后一本书是我想买的。What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before? 你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？2定语从句的种类定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。e.g.: They dont like that person who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。*非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。e.g.
7、: They dont like that person, who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。*限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。译法：1定语从句的前置合译法：On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other
8、s with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 2定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment whe
9、re there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thoug
10、ht, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。3定语从句的溶合变译法；This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would
11、be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words)译文：这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。定语从句翻译练习：1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any
12、 features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found
13、 free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys
14、the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。4. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令
15、人难以置信。（前置译法）第二节 定语从句长难句成分分析及翻译练习5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到既有教育意义又有娱乐性的层出不穷的新节目。（后置译法）6. Taking his cue from Ibsens A Dolls House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husbands treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic
