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1、形容词和副词,连词和介词的用法 一. 语法小结:形容词的用法:(一)形容词在句中的用法: 1. 定语:I have to look after the sick boy. 2. 表语:Dont feel bad . Everything will be all right. 以a开头的形容词asleep , alone , alive , awake , afraid , alike , ashamed , aware ,以及content , unable , sure , sorry 等常用作表语,ill , well 等表示身体健康状况时,只作表语。作定语时要用sick 和healthy
2、. 3. 宾补:Who left the door open ? I found him asleep. 4. 状语:He spent seven days in the wind and snow , cold and hungry. (表示动作发生的情况或方式) Crusoe stared at the footprint , full of fear. (表示动作发生的原因) 5. 作独立成分:Strange to say , he did pass the exam after all. 说也奇怪,他到底还是通过考试了。(二)形容词修饰名词的顺序: 1. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序: 当
3、几个表示不同种类的形容词同时修饰一个名词时,它的顺序是: 表示限定的词: (1)放在冠词前的形容词有:all , both , such (2)冠词、指示代词、物主代词、不定代词有:a , the , this , that , my , his , some , every , each , etc. (3)序数词放在基数词的前面:the first one(第一),the second half(下半场) 表示类别的词: 表示内在性质的词要放在表示状态的词前。 (1)性质(描绘性形容词):nice , clever , fine , beautiful , interesting (2)状
4、态(大小、新旧等形容词):large , big , old , hot , red , new , young , little (3)专用的形容词(国籍等):Chinese , English (4)生产原料:wooden , plastic , cotton 例:It is a useless , old , big , yellow English car. 这是一辆没有用的、旧的、黄色的英国大轿车。 She was a hungry , tired , sleepy little match girl. 她是一个又饿又累又想睡的卖火柴的小女孩。 All of the first fi
5、ve gifted American scientists were greatly honoured. 前五位杰出的美国科学家全都受到了表彰。 2. 形容词作后置定语的两种情况: (1)由all- , some- , no- , any - 和every-+thing 等构成的不定代词(象something , everything , nothing 等),被形容词所修饰时,形容词后置。 Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? He found theres nothing new in what she said at th
6、e meeting. (2)下列形容词修饰名词时,也要后置。 present(出席的),available (可利用的),responsible(负责的),alive(活着的) Do all the people present agree with him ? He is regarded as the greatest man alive in the world. 3. 形容词与定冠词the连用: 有些形容词与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物,相当于一个名词,作主语时,动词用复数形式,这些形容词可以说是名词化了的形容词。 The young are fond of pop music.
7、 Take care of the dead and the dying. 在某些习语或词组中,这种用法也不少: from bad to worse , at large , at the best , at the most , for good , at the latest , do ones best , in general , etc(三)形容词的比较级和最高级的用法: 1. 同级比较的句型 (1)as+原级as被比较的对象 例:He is as diligent as the monitor. 他和班长一样勤奋用功。 (2)主语谓语no形容词的比较级than+被比较的对象 例:H
8、e is no more careful than you are. 他不比你更仔细。 2. 比较级的句型 (1)主语谓语形容词比较级than被比较的对象 例:Do you know why winter is colder than summer ? 你知道冬天为什么比夏天冷吗? This room is less beautiful than that one. 这间房不如那间漂亮。 (2)主语谓语not so (as)+形容词原级as + 被比较的对象 例:Tom is not so busy as Dick. 汤姆不如狄克忙。 (3)主语谓语the形容词比较级of(两者比较) 例:He
9、 is the taller of the two brothers. 他是两兄弟中个头较高的那个。 (4)no more than (only , not any more than)仅仅,只有 例:His entire school education added up to no more than one year. 他全部接受教育的时间加起来也只有一年。 (5)not more than (at most)至多,不超过 例:He has not more than twenty yuan in his pocket. 他口袋里的钱不超过20元。 形容词的比较级还可用在某些句型中: (
10、1)the more the more越是就越 The busier he is , the happier he is. (2)more and more 越来越 Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. (3)all the more 因而更加 As a result , the rich became all the richer. That will make the work all the more difficult. (4)more or less 大体上,或多或少 The question is more or l
11、ess settled. (5)more (less)than不止,不到 She cant be more than 40. He is more than a friend to me. The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms. (6)so much the better (worse)就更好,就更糟 If hell help us , so mush the better . If he doesnt work , so much the worse for him. 此外,还有any more , not any longer , no lo
12、nger , had better 等句型。 3. 最高级的句型 (1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语 例:She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of + 形容词最高级 例:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大城市之一。 (3)序数词最高级 例:Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界第二大大陆。 (4)否定词形容词比较级 例:No one
13、 can be more careful than he is. 没有人比他更加仔细。 (5)形容词比较级than any other +名词 例:He is busier than any other worker in his workshop. 他比车间里任何一个工人都忙。 注意:“most +形容词”的结构可以表示非常高的程度,没有比较的意思,这种结构用作定语时,可以不用冠词或用不定冠词。 例:What you have said is most interesting. 你说的很有趣。 He wrote me a most interesting letter. 他给我写了一封很有趣
14、的信。 4. 注意表示倍数的比较级的几种句式 (1)倍数(或份数)as + 形容词as被比较的对象 例:This room is about two thirds as large as that one. 这个房间大约是那个房间的三分之二。 Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲面积有欧洲4倍之大。 (2)倍数(或分数、百分数)形容词比较级than +被比较的对象 例:Our school is three times bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大3倍。 (3)倍数(或分数)the size of +被比较的对象 例:The new factory is five times the size of the old one. 新厂的规模是旧厂的5倍。 注意:除了以上一些比较句型外,还有其它一些表示比较的方法。 例:He is twice my