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1、功能性食品工艺设计一、功能食品的定义我国定义：功能食品是指具有营养功能、感觉功能和调节生理活 动功能的食品。通过查找相关文献，查阅功能食品的定义：The term Functional Foods was first introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s as processed foods containing components that provide specific body functions, when the Japanese Ministry of Health & Welfare was hoping to improve the he
2、alth of the Japanese ageing population and reduce escalating health-care costs (Arai, 1996). 功能性 食品这个术语第一次被提出是在八十年代中期的日本，被认为是一类 包含着能够提供特定生理功能因子的精加工食品”Globally, Functional Food is not a legal term and there are various ways to define it. 在全球，功能性食品不是一个法定的术 语。In Japan, the Functional Foods are known as
3、 Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU), and are regarded as influencing human body structure and or function by regulating particular human health conditions (Ohama et al., 2006). 在日本，功能性食品被认为是指一类 可以提供特定健康功能的食品，并且它通过调节人类特别的健康状况 影响着人类的身体结构和功能。Health Canada defines a Functional Food as similar in app
4、earance to a conventional food, consumed as part of the usual diet, with demonstrated physiological benefits, and or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions (Health Canada website: http:/hc-sc.gc.ca). 加拿大卫生部定义功能性食品是在 外形上和普通食品相似，作为正常饮食的一部分被消费，提供生理学 方面的有利因素，同时比普通的营养品更有利于减
5、少慢性疾病的的发 生的一类食品。In Korea, Functional Foods are referred to supplements to the normal diet with measurable doses (Kimet al., 2006). 在韩国，功能性 食品被提及到是用来为正常饮食提供营养补充的食品，并且其营养 补充功能是可以被测量到的。In the United States, Functional Foods have no such regulatory identity, although in 1999, the American Dietetic Assoc
6、iation termed Functional Foods as foods that are in the forms of whole,fortified, enriched or enhanced foods that provide functional advantage and or health benefits beyond basic nutrition, when consumed at an effective level on a regular basis (American Dietetic Association, 1999).在美国， 功能性食品没有如此一致性
7、的定义，但是在 1999 年，美国饮食 协会定义功能性食品是一类以全面的、强化的、丰富的或者增 强型食品的方式存在，并且能够提供有益功能的食品，比普通营养品 更有益健康，同时其消费量比普通水平更高。China defined a functional food as a food that is suitable for consumption by special groups of people, and has special health functions of regulating human body functions but is not used for therapeut
8、ic purposes(Ministry of Heath, 1996). 中国定义功能性食品是一类适 合于特殊人群消费的，有特定健康功能的，能够调节人体生理功能的 食品，但是不以治疗为目的。In Europe, there has been no legal definition for functional foods, and a working definition of functional food is proposed as a food that beneficially affects one or more target functions in the body bey
9、ond adequate nutritional effects in a way that is relevant to either an improved state of health and wellbeing and or reduction of risk of disease, and it is consumed as part of a normal food pattern (not a pill, a capsule or any form of dietary supplement) (European Commission, 2010). 在欧洲， 对于功能性食品来
10、说，没有法定的定义，一个功能方面的定义被提出： “是一类对人体某个或某些身体指标功能产生有益影响的食品，在某 种程度上，其有益影响超出了适当营养品的影响。它不仅用来提高身 体状况，还可以减少疾病的发生。它被当做普通商品的形式被消费(不 是药片，不是胶囊也不是其它形式的营养补充剂)。二、功能食品的特征Functional foods, with their synergistic health benefits that go beyond just being a source of individual nutrients, present challenges to the traditi
11、onalnutrition view of foods.A successful functional food must offer nutrients, specific health promoting functionality and desirable sensory attributes.Attempts to increase the intake of desirable bioactive compounds are driven by the need to deliver optimal bioactivity to consumers for disease prev
12、ention and health enhancement. 功能食品是一 种有益于健康的食品，其健康协同作用高于单一来源的营养品，对传 统的营养性食品形成挑战。一种成功的功能食品必须提供营养功能、 特定的健康促进功能和人们需求的感觉功能。在疾病预防和健康促进 方面，人们对最佳生物活性因子的需求的增加驱使功能食品不断提供 有益于吸收的理想的生物活性化合物。三、功能食品的定位Today foods are not intended to only satisfy hunger and to provide necessary nutrients for humans but also to pr
13、event nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-being of the consumers.In this regard, functional foods play an outstanding role. The increasing demand on such foods can be explained by the increasing cost of healthcare, the steady increase in life expectancy, and the desire of
14、 older people for improved quality of their later Years.如今，食品不仅是为了满足饥饿和提供人类所 必须的营养素，而且是为了去阻止营养方面的疾病同时提高人们 的物质和精神方面的需要。在这种程度上，功能食品就扮演了一 个接触的角色。这种食品需求量的增加可以解释为，人们对于医 疗保健的消费的增加，对于稳定生活期待性的增加以及老人对于 晚年生活质量提高的渴望。 以上三个问题参考的文献如下：1 Industry-Relevant Approaches for Minimising the Bitterness of Bioactive Compou
15、nds in Functional Foods: A Review2 Functional food product development-Opportunities and challenges for food manufacturers3 Functional food. Product development, marketing and consumer acceptanceA review4 Hydrogels from Biopolymer Hybrid for Biomedical, Food, and Functional Food Applications5 Worldw
16、ide consumption of functional foods:a systematic review6 Satellite Symposium: Industry and academic partnerships for developing health-improving products7 Seaweeds:A sustainable functional food for complementary and alternative therapy8 High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional FoodsA Review9 Functional Foods: An Overview10 Functional foods and dieta
