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1、观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩
2、子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬
3、硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义
4、多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?宋以后，京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林
5、院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末，学堂兴起，各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意，即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间，特别是汉代以后，对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合，比如书院、皇室，也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 第 页一、重点短语1. go out for dinner 2. stay out late 3. go to the movies 4. get
6、a ride 5. work on sth. 6. finish doing sth. 7. clean and tidy8. do the dishes 9. take out the rubbish 10. fold your/the clothes 11. sweep the floor 12. make your/the bed 13. clean the living room 14. No problem 15. welcome sb. 16. come home from school/ work17. throw down 18. throw away 19. come ove
7、r (to+地点)20. take sb. for a walk21. all the time 22. all day/evening 23. do housework 24. shout back 大声回应25. walk away 26. share the housework 27. a comfortable home 28. (do sth.) in surprise 惊讶地(做)29. get something to drink 30. watch one show 31. hang out 32. pass sb. sth. 33. lend sb. sth. 34. get
8、 sth. wet 35. hate + (to do/ doing) sth.36. do chores 37. help sb.(to)do /with sth38. bring a tent39. buy some snacks40. go to the store41. invite sb. to a party42. make sb. do sth. 43. enough stress44. waste of time45. in order to为了46. get good grades47. mind doing sth. 48. depend on49. develop chi
9、ldren s independence50. look after/take care of 51. do one s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事二、重点句型1. Could you please clean your room? ( Could you please + do sth.?)2. I have to do some work.3. Could I use your computer? (Could +主语+ do sth. ?表情求)4. She won t be happy if she sees this mess.5. For one we
10、ek, she did not do any housework and neither did I. (Neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.)6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.7. Its the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.(it为形式主语，to do不定式是真正的主语，并且后置)8. I think its important for chil
11、dren to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.9. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. (the+比较级，the+比较级句型)三、单元知识点1. Could you please +动词原形? 你能吗？Could在句子开头，不表示过去时态而表示请求，以表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气，这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。肯定回答可以用Sure./ Of c
12、ourse./ Certainly./ Go ahead, please.或Thats OK/all right.，也可以用“主语+can”不能用“主语+could”。否定回答用“Sorry, +理由”，“主语+cant/ mustnt.”，不用“主语+couldnt”。表请求的结构还有：Would you please+V原？ Would you mind+V-ing？2.take out带出去；取出，拿出 take the rubbish out take out 100yuan take your tickets out3. make the/ ones bed整理床铺，make the
13、 table收拾桌子，摆放碗筷4. Could I at least finish watching this show？ finish完成，做好；finish doing sth.5. (at) any minute (now)很快，马上Mother will be back any minute now.Hurry up! The train is leaving at any minute.6. mess 【名词】不整洁，杂乱(不堪) be in a mess乱七八糟，杂乱不堪7. sweep【动词】打扫，扫；过去式为swept，sweep the floor8. throw【动词】扔，
14、投，掷；过去式为threw；throw down 扔下某物 throw sth. (away)扔掉某物throw to sb.把某物扔给某人；throw at sb./sth.扔某人东西，带感情色彩9. The minute I sat in front of the TV, my mother came over. The minute (that)引导时间状语从句，意为“一/刚就”，相当于as soon as，I promise to reply to your letter the minute I get home.10. reply回答，回复【不及物动词】reply to sb./s
15、th. ,reply to your letter reply in writing11. asas像一样，否定形式为not so/asasA(be) as+形容词+as B. A 实意动词as+副词as B.12. neither did I.是“Neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”结构，表示前者的否定情况也适用于后者。 I dont agree with their plan. Neither do I. They cant swim across the river. Neither can we. Neither还表示“两者的否定”，即可以看成是both“两者都”的完全否定。Both of my parents are mountain climbers. 意为 ；“我父母都不是登山者”是下面那个句子？Neither of my parents is a mountain climber. Both of my parents are not mountain climbers.13. pass sb. sth.= pass st
