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1、http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 福建茶盆景的制作与养护管理方法盆景起源于中国,在世界艺术之林中,它是富有自然情趣的东方艺术精品之一,也是我国独特的传统园林艺术之一。它以植物、山、石、水、土等为素材,经过园艺师的构思设计,造型加工,精心护养而成。盆景展现了大自然的无限风光,所以人们把盆景誉为“立体的画”和“无声的诗”。随着时间和季节的变化,它还可以呈现出不同的姿态、色彩和意境。Bonsai originated in China, in the forest of world art, it is one of the rich natural appeal of Ori
2、ental art, is also one of the unique Chinese traditional garden art. It to plant, mountain, stone, water, soil and other material, after gardener of conception design, molding processing, meticulous care. Bonsai shows the limitless scenery of nature, so people put miniascape known as three-dimension
3、al painting and silent poetry. As the change of time and season, it can also present a different posture, color and artistic conception. 从某种概念来讲,盆景也是美学、文学和科学的综合体。所谓美学,盆景的制作要给人以美的欣赏,古雅秀美,神韵生动,耐人寻味;所谓文学,盆景造型构思,有诗情画意,有高低层次,有抑扬顿挫,起承转合,反映出较高的文采水平;所谓科学,盆景的主要造型材料为植物,具有生命的特征及生长发育的规律,这就决定了制作它必须掌握园艺科学的知识和进行长期
4、的艺术加工以及养护管理工作,才能确保它的正常生长和优美的姿态。Will tell from some kind of concept, miniascape also is combination of aesthetics, literature and science. The so-called aesthetics, bonsai production to give a person with appreciation of beauty, quaint and elegant, verve and vivid, interesting; So-called literature,
5、bonsai modelling design, there is picturesque, have high and low levels, cadence, utterer, reflects a higher literary level; The so-called scientific, miniascape of main materials for the plant modelling, has the characteristics of life and the law of growth and development, its decided to make it m
6、ust master the art of horticulture scientific knowledge and long-term processing and maintenance management work, to ensure its normal growth and graceful posture. 一、形态特征A, the morphological characteristics. 福建茶又称基及树、猫仔树,为紫草科常绿灌木。树形矮小,枝条密集,叶形小,长椭圆形,浓绿而有光泽。春夏开白色小花,核果球形,初绿后红。它的树干嶙峋,虬曲多姿,树姿飘逸,是岭南四大盆景树种
7、之一,也是我国入世后出口美国的五种(即黄杨类、福建茶、罗汉松、雀梅、六月雪)盆景植物之一。Fujian tea is also called base and tree, cat tree, borage evergreen shrubs. Small tree small, dense branches, leaf shape, long elliptic, thick and glossy. At the beginning of spring and summer of white blossoms, drupe globose, red green. Its trunk, rocky
8、QiuQu, tree appearance is elegant, is one of the lingnan miniascape of four tree species, is also Chinas exports in the United States after five (i.e., huang, fujian tea, podocarpus, qiao mei, June snow) one of potted plants. 二、福建茶盆景的制作方法Ii. miniascape of fujian tea production methods (一)造型。制作福建茶盆景,
9、可在春季或梅雨季节选取生长健壮的一年生枝条或当年生半木质化枝条进行扦插繁殖;也可在初夏至初秋期间采用根插繁殖来获得苗木。(a) modelling. Fujian tea garden, can grow in the spring or plum rains season choose a robust annual branches or cutting propagation was born half lignification branches; Can also be used during early summer to early autumn thong for nurser
10、y stock breeding. 福建茶生长力极强,极耐修剪,适于用岭南盆景所采用的“蓄枝截干法”,以多次修剪加工使枝干达到自然曲折、苍劲有力的效果。常见的树形有直干式、双干式、斜干式、多干式、丛林式、悬而未决崖式、附石式等。Has strong ability of fujian tea grows extremely resistant to clip, lingnan bonsai is suitable for use branches cut dry storage, to cut processing branches reach natural twists and turns
11、, vigorous effect. Common tree has direct dry type, dry type, dry type, dry type, jungle, pending cliffs, rock type, etc. 1、树坯的选择。无论选择何类树种作为树桩盆景的素材,首先应进行坏料的筛选。树坯的选择来源于两个方面,即山野树坯的采掘和树苗的培植。在南方低山丘陵的常绿阔叶林或灌丛中,福建茶有散生分布,可选择野生树桩或更新幼树。掘回后,在较为蔽荫处的深肥沃疏松的土层,或有机质丰富的砂壤土中,进行培育,待根系发育,新枝叶茂时,再上盆加工造型。因为我们对树桩的要求要以苍古朴拙
12、为主,因此一般要选用树龄长、形态优美、在自然生长中有一定造型可塑性的树坯,若单以人工从小栽植到选为素材,再进行加工,则造型时间长,成型慢,所以盆景工作者大都在山野自然中采掘野生坯料来进行加工。经过“蓄枝截干法”造型,制成大树型或丛林式盆景。1, selection of tree bloom. No matter choose what kind of tree species as stakes bonsai, bad material selection should be done firstly. Trees bloom choice comes from two aspects, n
13、amely the field pattern of the tree mining and cultivating seedlings. Low hilly mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south or in thickets, fujian tea has a scattered distribution, can choose wild stump or update the young trees. Dug back, the more the shade the soil deep, fertile osteoporos
14、is, or organic matter abundance of sandy loam, nurturing, root development, sections and leafy, again on the basin of processing model. Because we claim to the stump to give priority to with CangGu piao zhuo, so general will choose old long, shape beautiful, has certain plasticity modelling in the n
15、atural growth of trees, if only by artificial from plant to the selected as the material and then carry on the processing, the molding time is long, slow forming, so the landscape workers are mostly mining in the field of natural wild stock to carry on the processing. After branch cut dry storage mo
16、del, made the big tree or miniascape of jungle. 2、树坯造型。树坯造型一定要因材构思、因材造型,特别是自然类树桩造型,切不可用规律类树桩造型方法去死搬硬套。树坯的加工造型常采用修剪法和蟠扎法两种。2, tree model. Tree grey modelling must will rejoice in material design, material modelling, especially natural class stump modelling, must not with regular class stump modelling method to die hard set. Tree o
