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1、从句1First it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed.结构：全句有3个谓语动词：will pass, will tear和is。其中主句的是will pass。句子主干 是 it will pass through sharp metal bars。第一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰的是 sharp metal bars。第二个which引导的定语从句修饰的是the plastic bags。这是大定语从句
2、里面还有一 个小定语从句。句子可以拆分为：1. First it will pass through sharp metal bars.2. The metal bars will tear open the plastic bags.3. Rubbish is usually packed in the bags. 翻译：首先，垃圾要通过尖的金属棒，金属棒会把装垃圾的塑料袋弄破。2When we talk about someone s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feel
3、s that make that individual different from others.结构：全句有4组谓语动词：talk，mean，acts/speaks/thinks/feels和make。其中主句谓语 的是：mean。句首是When引导的时间状语从句。之后which引导的定语从句和that引导 的定语从句都是修饰 the ways 的。句子可以拆分为：1. We talk about someones personality.2. We mean the ways.3. He or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels in these way
4、s.4. These make that individual different from others.翻译：当我们谈到某个人的个性时，我们指的是他/她在行为，言谈和思考以及感觉等方面 的方式。这些方式使这个人区别于他人。3Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity and hard work are protected. 结构：全句有3个谓语动词
5、：is, is和are protected。其中主句的是：is, is。全句由两个有递 进关系的单句构成。其中，which引导的是定语从句，修饰the means。句子可被拆分为：1. Competition is not only good in itself.2. It is the means.3. Other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity and hard work are protected by these means.翻译：竞争不但本身就是好事，还是其他基本的美国
6、价值观如个人自由，机会平等和勤奋 工作等得到保护的手段。4. The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.结构：全句有3个谓语动词：hold，equals和reduce。其中主句的是reduces。句子主干 为： The way actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happi
7、ness。 The way 后面 是省略了 which/that的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还有一个that引导的同位语从句， 修饰the belief。句子可以拆分为：1. This way actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.2. A fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness.3. People hold to this belief. 翻译：人们信奉的充实又无忧无虑的生活就等于幸福的信念实际上降低了他们获得真正的 幸福的可能性。5. Those who
8、 oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.结构：全句有3个谓语动词：oppose, base和prefers。其中主句的是：base。句子主干为:Those base their case primarily on the assumption and on the high cost。其中 w
9、ho 引导的是 定语从句，修饰those。that引导的同位语从句修饰the assumption。翻译：那些反对建设公寓的人的理由主要是基于大家都喜欢单独的住宅和花园的假设以及 每个居住单位的高成本。6. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of th
10、e exposure received throughout his lifetime.结构：全句有3个谓语动词：have pointed，are和may depend。其中主句的是have pointedo 句子主干为： Responsible public health officials have pointed out that。 that 引导的是 pointed out的宾语从句。The danger是省略了 that的pointed out的宾语从句,翻译：公共卫生部门的相关负责官员已经指出化学物质的生物作用是长期累积的，并且其 对个人的危害要视其一生暴露于化学物质的总量而定。7
11、. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.结构：全句有2个谓语动词：is和iso其中主句的是第一个iso句子主干为：My point is that。 that引导的从句在句子中的成分为表语，因而这个从句是一个表语从句。句子可以拆分为:1. My point is this.2. The frequent complaint is inevitable. 翻译：我的意思是一代人对其下一代人的时常的抱怨是不可避免的
12、。8. What we expect in life and what we are accustomed to would strongly influence our evaluation.结构：全句有 3 个谓语动词： expect， are accustomed 和 would influence。 What 引导的两 个名词性从句在句子中作的是并列主语，因而是两个并列的主语从句。句子可被拆分为：1. What we expect something in life.2. What we are accustomed to something.3. These would strong
13、ly influence our evaluation. 翻译：我们在生活中所期待的东西以及我们已经习惯的事物会强烈的影响我们的评价。9. Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changesoccur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.结构：全句有4个谓语动词：have established, are eng
14、aged, occur和allow。其中主句的 是：have established。句子主干为 Researchers have established that。其中，第一个 that 引导的是have established的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，when引导的是其时间状语从 句。要注意的是，第二个that引导的定语从句修饰的是biochemical changes而并非brain。 翻译：研究人员已经确定当人们进行心理活动时，大脑中发生的生物化学变化时的大脑思 维在认知区域（如注意力和记忆力等）能够更加敏捷。10. Part of the reason we view ourse
15、lves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage.结构：全句有4个谓语动词：view，is，use和work。其中主句的是：is。句子主干为：Part of the reason is that。其中，the reason后面是省略了 that/why的定语从句。Is后面的that 引导的是表语从句，在这个表语从句中的第二个that引导的是定语从句，修饰criteria。翻译：我们如此肯定地看待自己的一部分原因是因为我们使用了对自己有利的标准。11. It is precisely this kind of
16、 conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.结构:全句有3个谓语动词:is, is和are seeking。其中主句的是:is。句子主干为:It is precisely this kind of conversation。that引导的定语从句修饰conversation其中，在when引导的时 间状语从句中，现在分词短语being placed作为后置定语修饰demands。翻译：在我们寻求提高阅读水平以满足更高层次的学习对我们的新要求时，重要的正是这 种形式的对话
