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1、电主轴支承型设计与配置方式设计总说明高速电主轴作为高速机床的核心功能部件，其性能好坏直接影响着机床的高速加工性能。电主轴轴承的选择和配置以及相应的润滑，是保证电主轴性能的关键， 具有重要的研究价值和意义。本文在充分考虑了电主轴转速高、动平衡精度高、内装主轴电机及过盈连接等因素的基础上，介绍了高速电主轴轴承的主要润滑方式：喷油润滑 油雾润滑 脂润滑 油气润滑等，并着重说明了油气润滑系统的原理及设计过程；介绍了电主轴轴承的主要典型类型：磁悬浮轴承 动静压轴承 陶瓷轴承等，系统分析了角接触陶瓷球轴承的性能优点及其配置形式；最后通过弹性力学和动力学理论推导得出了高速电主轴轴承内圈与转轴配合过盈量的计算
2、公式。本文对高速电主轴支承型式及润滑方式的研究可作为优化电主轴结构，改善机床高速加工性能的依据，有利于高速电主轴系统的整体设计及制造。油气润滑，在学术界被称为“气液两相流体冷却润滑技术”，是一种新型的润滑技术，它与传统的单相流体润滑技术相比具有无可比拟的优越性。它成功地解决了干油润滑和油雾润滑所无法克服的难题。它适应了机械工业设备的最新发展的需要，尤其适用于高温、重载、高速、极低速以及有冷却水和脏物侵入润滑点的工况条件恶劣的场合。由于它能解决传统的单相流体润滑技术无法解决的难题，并有非常明显的使用效果，大大延长了摩擦副的使用寿命，改善了现场的环境，因此正在得到越来越广泛的应用。油气润滑系统主要
3、由主站、两级油气分配器、PLC电气控制装置、中间连接管道和管道附件等组成。主站是润滑油供给和分配，压缩空气处理、油气混合和油气流输出以及PLC电气控制的总成。根据受润滑设备的需油量和事先设定的工作程序接通气动泵。压缩空气经过压缩空气处理装置进行处理。润滑油经递进式分配器分配后被输送到与压缩空气网络相连接的油气混合块中，并在油气混合块中与压缩空气混合形成油气流从油气出口输出进入油气管道。在油气管道中，由于压缩空气的作用，使润滑油沿着管道内壁波浪形地向前移动，并逐渐形成一层薄薄的连续油膜。经油气混合块混合而形成的油气流通过油气分配器的分配，最后以一股极其精细的连续油滴流喷射到润滑点。油气分配器可实
4、现油气流的多级分配。由于进入了轴承内部的压缩空气的作用，即使润滑部位得到了冷却，又由于润滑部位保持着一定的正压，使外界的脏物和水不能侵入，起到了良好的密封作用。角接触陶瓷球轴承的配置形式成对配置的角接触球轴承用于同时承受径向载荷与轴向载荷的场合，也可以承受纯径向载荷和任一方向的轴向载荷。此种轴承由生产厂按一定的预载荷要求，选配组合成对，提供给用户使用。当轴承安装在机器上紧固后，完全消除了轴承中的游隙，并使套圈和纲球处于预紧状态，因而提高了组合轴承的钢性。单列角接触球轴承以径向负荷为主的径、轴向联合负荷，也可承受纯径向负荷，除串联式配置外，其他两配置均可承受任一方向的轴向负荷。在承受径向负荷时，
5、会引起附加轴向力。因此一般需成对使用，做任意配对的轴承组合，成对安装的轴承按其外圈不同端面的组合分为：背对背配置、面对面配置、串联配置（也称：O型配置、X型配置、T型配置）三种类型：背对背配置，后置代号为DB（如70000/DB），背对背配对的轴承的载荷线向轴承轴分开。可承受作用于两个方向上的轴向载荷，但每个方向上的载荷只能由一个轴承承受。背对背安装的轴承提供刚性相对较高的轴承配置，而且可承受倾覆力矩。面对面配置，后置代号为DF（如70000/DF），面对面配对的轴承的载荷线向轴承轴汇合。可承受作用于两个方向上的轴向载荷，但每个方向上的载荷只能由一个轴承承受。这种配置不如背对背配对的刚性高，而
6、且不太适合承受倾覆力矩。这种配置的刚性和承受倾覆力矩的能力不如DB配置形式，轴承可承受双向轴向载荷。串联配置，后置代号为DT（如70000/DT），串联配置时，载荷线平行，径向和轴向载荷由轴承均匀分担。但是，轴承组只能承受作用于一个方向上的轴向载荷。如果轴向载荷作用于相反方向，或如果有复合载荷，就必须增加一个相对串联配对轴承调节的第三个轴承。这种配置也可在同一支承处串联三个或多个轴承，但只能承受单方向的轴向载荷。通常，为了平衡和限制轴的轴向位移，另一支承处需安装能承受另一方向轴向载荷的轴承。关键词: 油气润滑,角接触球轴承,过盈量,配置形式ELECTRO-SPINDLE TYPE BEARIN
7、G DESIGN AND LUBRICATION METHODSGENERAL DESIGN INFORMATION：High-speed electro-spindle high-speed machine tools as the core functional components, and its direct impact on the performance of the machines high-speed processing performance. Motorized Spindle bearings, as well as the selection and confi
8、guration of the lubricant is to ensure that the key to the performance of electro-spindle has important research value and significance. In this paper, takes full account of the high speed motorized spindle, high precision dynamic balance, the spindle motor and the contents have been connected by su
9、ch factors as earnings, based on high speed electric spindle bearing lubrication of the main ways: fuel injection gas oil mist lubricating grease and other lubricants and highlighted the principles of oil lubrication system and the design process; introduced the main power spindle bearing typical ty
10、pes: hybrid bearing magnetic bearing, such as ceramic bearings, ceramic analysis of the angular contact ball bearings and the allocation of the performance advantages of the form; final through the kinetic theory of elasticity is derived and obtained high-speed electro-spindle with the bearing inner
11、 ring and the shaft have the formula for calculating the amount of surplus. In this paper, high-speed electro-spindle bearing lubrication type and mode of study can be used as electro-spindle structure optimization to improve the performance of machine tools based on high-speed processing and is con
12、ducive to high-speed electro-spindle system, the overall design and manufacturing. Oil lubrication, in the academic community known as the Two-phase Fluid Lubrication Technology, is a new type of lubrication technology, which with the traditional single-phase fluid lubrication technology with unpara
13、lleled advantages. It has successfully resolved the oil mist lubrication and oil lubrication will not be able to overcome the problem. It adapted to the machinery of the latest developments in industrial equipment, especially for high temperature, heavy-duty, high-speed, very low and the cooling wat
14、er and dirt intrusion of lubrication points, poor working conditions of the occasion. Because it can solve the traditional single-phase fluid lubrication technology can not solve the problem, and have a very clear results, significantly extended the life of friction, to improve the site environment,
15、 it is being more and more widely. Oil lubrication system is mainly from the main station, two oil and gas distributor, PLC electrical control device, intermediate pipe and pipe connections, such as the composition of the annex. The main station is the supply and distribution of lubricants, compress
16、ed air treatment, gas mixing and flow of oil and gas output, as well as the assembly of electrical control PLC. Equipment according to the needs of lubrication oil and working procedures of pre-connect pneumatic pump. Compressed air through compressed air treatment plant for processing. Lubricants distributor by the progressive distribution of compressed air was fed to the network connected with the oil and gas blocks in the mixed and mixed in the
