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1、写 作 专 项 提 升第一讲写对第一讲写对8种基本句型种基本句型英英 语语基本句型基本句型1“主主谓”结构构1.此句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点是句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思,这类动词被称为不及物动词,后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能直接跟宾语,也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有come、walk、live、arrive、rise、happen、ride、write、agree、occur、lie、shine、fall、exist等。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vi.)(+状语)。(2021浙江卷,写作)The exhibition will last for two w
2、eeks.展览将持续两周。(2020新高考卷,写作)We trained for two hours after school every day.我们每天放学后训练两个小时。(2020新高考卷,写作)The race started from the school gate.赛跑从学校门口开始。(2020浙江卷,写作)At that very moment,the helicopter arrived.就在那一刻,直升机到达了。2.谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语,如set off(出发;动身),take place(发生),break down(抛锚;出故障),break out(突然开始;
3、爆发),come out(出版),come up(被提到),drop by(顺便拜访),run away(逃离),run out(用完),等等。(2020 新高考卷,写作)Seeing nobody around,I ran away immediately.我看见周围没有人,立刻溜走了。(2019 全国卷,书面表达)The Music Festival will take place in our school.音乐节将在我们学校举行。At about 6 pm on Saturday,a big fire broke out in a village.在周六下午大约六点钟,村子发生了一场大
4、火。对点过关训练用“主谓”结构翻译下列句子1.(2020天津卷,书面表达)6月8日上午,成人礼在我们学校的报告厅举行。The coming-of-age ceremony took place in the lecture hall of our school on the morning of June 8th.2.(2021新高考卷,写作)Youth创刊十周年庆典就要来临。The 10th anniversary ceremony of Youth is drawing near.3.(2020全国卷,书面表达)上周我在郊区的一个农场工作。Last week I worked on a f
5、arm in the suburbs.4.(2020新高考卷,写作)这几天我们训练得很辛苦。We are training very hard these days.5.(2019全国卷,书面表达)排球比赛将在下周五下午在我们学校新建的体育场举行。The volleyball game will take place in the newly-built stadium of our school next Friday afternoon.6.这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。The English short film will be shown in the school ha
6、ll at 2:00 pm.基本句型基本句型2“主主谓宾”结构构此句式的句型特点为谓语动词均为及物动词,是主语发出的动作,但是不能表达完整的意思,其后必须接一个宾语(宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-ing形式或不定式),即动作的承受者,才能表达完整的意思。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语(+状语)。该句型如果能够灵活使用其被动语态,便能为写作增色不少。1.该句型中的谓语是及物动词,如respect、admire、ignore、provide、upset、appreciate 等。(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)As is known to all,China has abundant an
7、d unique cultures with a long history.众所周知,中国历史悠久,有丰富且独特的文化。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Ill definitely remember his kindness and help forever.我定会永远记住他的善良与帮助。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Honestly speaking,his great patience and assistance have a great impact on me.说实话,他极大的耐心和帮助对我影响很大。(2020全国卷,书面表达)We first picked the peaches tha
8、t were most beautiful in color.我们首先摘颜色最好看的桃子。(2019全国卷,书面表达)I have the following advantages.我有以下优势。To my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是,我从数百名申请者中被选中参加开幕式。2.谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语,如come across、communicate with、get on well with、look forward to、stand for等。
9、(2020全国卷,书面表达)I am looking forward to your specific guidance.我盼望着得到您的具体指导。(2019全国卷,书面表达)I can communicate with visitors without difficulty.我可以毫无困难地与游客们交流。He has already got on well with his classmates.他已经与他的同学们相处得很融洽了。Sometimes difficulties stand for a special chance for us to make progress.有时候困难象征着
10、一种能让我们进步的特殊机遇。对点过关训练用“主谓宾”结构翻译下列句子1.(2021天津3月卷,书面表达)四川省拥有许多世界闻名的名胜古迹,譬如九寨沟和都江堰灌溉系统。Sichuan Province enjoys many world-famous places of interest,such as Jiuzhai Valley and Dujiangyan Irrigation System.2.(2020全国卷,书面表达)她为我们学生树立了一个很好的榜样。She has set a great example to us students.3.(2020新高考卷,写作)我们队正在为比赛做
11、准备。Our team is preparing for the game.4.(2019全国卷,书面表达)我可以详细介绍中国画。I can explain the Chinese paintings in detail.5.(2019全国卷,书面表达)充足的睡眠和健康的饮食毫无疑问地会让我们走向胜利。Enough sleep and a healthy diet will unquestionably lead to our victory.6.(2021天津3月卷,书面表达)都江堰灌溉系统今天仍在灌溉中发挥着重要作用。Dujiangyan Irrigation System is stil
12、l playing an important part in irrigation today.基本句型基本句型3“主系表主系表”结构构此句式就是我们常提到的主系表结构。该句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,其中谓语动词需用系动词,表语多是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或动词-ing形式等。该句型无被动语态,也无进行时态。它的基本结构是:主语+系动词+表语。常见的系动词有be,还有感官系动词(sound、look、smell、taste、feel)、变化系动词(become、get、grow、turn、go、fall、run)、持续系动词(remain、keep、hold、stay)、表象
13、系动词(seem、appear、look)等。(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)Thus,its popularity is easy to foresee and understand.因此,它的流行很容易预见和理解。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Mr Zhang,aged 50,is my favorite English teacher.50岁的张先生是我最喜欢的英语老师。(2020全国卷,书面表达)He is so knowledgeable,humorous and responsible that I respect and love him so much.他是那么有学问、幽默并且负责
14、任,我非常尊敬和爱戴他。(2019江苏卷,书面表达)I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.我很高兴在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。对点过关训练用“主系表”结构翻译下列句子1.(2020天津5月卷,书面表达)此外,因特网也是我练习英语听说能力的有效渠道。Besides,the Internet is also an efficient channel for me to practice my listening and speaking abilities in English.2.
15、(2020新高考卷,写作)每一支参赛队伍都非常出色。Every participating team is great.3.(2020全国卷,书面表达)看到我们的劳动成果,我们都感到很满意。Seeing our fruits of labor,we all felt very satisfied.4.(2019全国卷,书面表达)我的目标是让世界了解中国。My aim is to let the world learn about China.5.(2019江苏卷,书面表达)中国传统服装看起来更漂亮,更时尚。The traditional Chinese dress looks more bea
16、utiful and stylish.6.收到你的来信得知你要来北京,我很高兴。Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to Beijing.基本句型基本句型4“主主谓宾宾”结构构此句式中的谓语动词必须接两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,其中一个是表示人的间接宾语,另一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。1.间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面,如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面,那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的常用动词有give、offer、hand、show、throw、pass、pay、send、sell、tell、lend、write等。(如:give sb sth=give sth to sb)(2021浙江卷,写作)This exhibition offers them a platform to explore the beauty of China.这次展览为他们提供了一个探索中国之美的平台。(2020新
