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1、 2022年职称英语考试卫生类B级典型试题(4)Thirst for OilWerldwide every day，we devour the energyequivalent of about 200 million barrels of Oil.MoHt of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planets surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year，we just need to fi
2、nd an efficient way to use it.So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at.But as supplies dwindle，this will change，and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution，when energy-dense coal became the
3、fuel of choice.Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover orle quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since wc Stanedpumping up oil.Coal is the least efficient，unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still ple
4、ntiful;its reserves are five times larger than oils.Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles.The US consumes a quar
5、ter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.The majority of oil Comes from the Middle East，which has half of known reserves.But other significant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuela and the North Sea.Alaska”s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could
6、be a major new US source，to reduce reliance on foreign imports.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary.We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades，when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become m
7、ore difficuh to access.others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead.Petrol could also be obtained from coal.Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon，and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13.Among other ho
8、rrors，this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice.词汇：devour/di5vauE (r)/v.淹没，耗尽 dwindle/5dwindl/v.削减dense/dens/adj.密集的 diesel oil 柴油pump/pQmp/v.用泵抽吸 accessible/Ek5sesEbl/adj.可使用的， 可得到的petrolcum/5petrEl/n.石油，原油 rainforest n.(热带)雨林reliance/ri5laiEns/n.依靠，
9、依靠 tar sand 沥青砂oil shale 油页岩 destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n.破坏，消灭解释：1. Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge：美国阿拉斯加北极国家野生动物爱护区。2022年，美国众议院通过了一项基于布什提出的在那里进展石油开采的议案。该议案遭到环境爱护主义组织的反对。因此，目前在该区制止开采石油。2. tonnes：公吨(=1，000公斤)。不同于ton。 ton：在美国等于二千磅(=0.907公吨)，所以称作short ton：短吨。练习：1. “.we will need to cure our addi
10、ction to oil.” Why does the author say so?A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.B Oil supply is increasing all the time.C Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D Oil supply is decreasing.2. Which of lhe following statements is NOT meant by the author，according to the second paragraph?
11、A Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal.B The use of coal is declining.C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.3. Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?A The United States.B Rus
12、sia.C Norway.D Venezuela.4. What do experts say about the earths fuel reserves?A The earths fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.B There will soon be an energy crisis.C Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.D Fuel demand will decline.5. What is NOT the result of consu
13、ming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?A Rainforests will be destroyed.B Arctic ice will be melted.C The earths temperature will be raised.D The sea level will go up.答案与题解：1. D 答案在第一段最终一句中。这里的xupplies指oil supplies。2. C 短文的其次段告知我们，木材曾经是主要燃料来源，然后被煤所替代;白人们开头采油后，对煤的需求下降了，但由于煤的储量远大于石油，它可能又会成为主要燃料，尽管它对环境破坏力。所以A、B、D均是的意思，而C不是。ncxt to oil除石油以外。3. A 文章的第三段说，美国消耗全世界四分之一的石油。4. B 答案在第五段其次句中。该段第一句说，地球上的燃料储量将在50年内耗尽，所以A不是正确选择;第三句的意思是，常规燃料的猎取将变得困难，而不是不行获得，所以C也不是正确选择;D明显不是的意思。5. D 选项A、B、I：都是最终一段中所表达的意思，所以D是正确选择。
