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1、break down 损坏；（将抗等）垮掉，崩溃 break in 非法闯入，强行进入 break off 中断，突然停止 ;折断 break out 逃脱，逃走；突然出现，爆发 break trough 突破，冲破；取得突破性成就 ;(日月)从(云层后)出现 break away from 摆脱, 从脱离 break into 闯入;突然起来 = burst into break out 爆发(无被动) break up vt./vi. 把拆开/打碎 ；解散; 驱散 ；(使)关系破裂 ；终止;绝交1. break away (from)(1) 突然逃掉或离开。如：The thief brok
2、e away from the policeman. 小偷从警察那逃脱了。(2) 断绝往来，脱离。如：He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。(3) 改掉(旧习惯)，破除(旧作法)。如：You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。2. break down (1) (机器、车辆等)坏了。如：The car broke down after an hours driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。(2) (计划、谈判等)失败。如：Our plans have broken
3、 down. 我们的计划已失败了。(3) (谈话、通讯等)中断。如：He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了。(4) (健康、精神等)变坏。如：Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把他的身体弄垮了。3. break in 突然进来，强行进入。如：He broke in and stole my money. 他闯进来偷了我的钱。(2) 插嘴，打岔。如：He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插话谈了自己的一些想法。Please don
4、t break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。The secretary broke in to say that a telegram had just arrived. 秘书插话说刚收到一个电报。注：以上用法的 break in 通常是不及物的，但有时也用作及物动词，带宾语，表示：训练某人(物)，使某人(物)适应。如：He is breaking in the new man as a machine operator. 我在训练那个新工人操作机器。Two weeks in the new office should be enough to bre
5、ak you in. 在新办公室上两星期的班便足以让你适应了。4. break into (1) 强行进入。如：The thieves planned to break into a bank. 这些小偷计划闯银行。(2) 突然起来。如：Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息，她就哭了起来。The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那个人一看到警察，拨腿就跑。(3) 打断，插嘴。如：He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning
6、. 他大声警告，打断了讨论。(4) 占用时间。如：Social activities break into my time. 社会活动占去了我的时间。注：break into 与 break in 的有时可表示相同的意思，但前者通常为及物的，后者通常为不及物的。5. break off (1) 停止讲话。如：He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话没讲完就停住了。 (2) 暂停，休息。如：Lets break up for a rest. 我们休息一会儿吧。(3) (使)折断。如：The mast has (been) broken off.
7、 桅杆折断了。6. break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发。如：A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。The 2nd World War broke out in September, 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。注：是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。7. break through (1) 突破，有重要创见。如：Scientists say theyre beginning to break thr
8、ough in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。(2) 克服，征服。如：You must try to break through your shyness. 你必须要设法克服羞怯。(3) 强行穿过(进入)。如：(2) (学校等)放假。如：When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假? (3) 结束，破裂。如：The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒
9、临破裂。(4) 击碎，撞碎。如：The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。(5) 绝交。如：Shes just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。The enemys defences were strong but our soldiers broke through. 敌人的防线很艰固，但仍为我军所突破。注：有时指太阳、月亮等从云层里出来。如：The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来。8. break up (1) 解散，驱散
10、。如：The police broke up the crowd (the meeting). 警察驱散了人群(集会)。1. call at a place (1) (车船等)停靠。如：The train calls at every station. 这火车每个站都停。(2) 到某地拜访。如：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。2. call away (1) 叫走，叫开。如：He was called away by a friend. 他被朋友叫走了。(2) 转移(注意力等)。如：He is studying an import
11、ant problem, and nothing can callaway his attention. 他正在研究一个重要问题，什么也不能使他分心。3. call back(1) 唤回，叫回。如：(1) He was about to leave when his wife called him back. 他正要离去，他妻子把他叫了回来。(2) 回电话，再打电话。如：Ill call (you) back. 我将给你回电话。Hes not in. Please call back later. 他不在家，请过一会儿再打来。)4. call for sth (sb)(1) 喊着叫某人来，喊着
12、叫人取来某物。如：He called for the waiter. 他叫服务员。The boy called for his clothes. 小男孩喊着给他拿衣服来。He called for a glass of beer. 他叫了一杯啤酒。(2) 来或去取某物，来或去接某人。如：We called for the packages at the post office. 我们到邮局领取包裹。Ill call for you (at your house) at nine. 我九点(到你家)来接你。(3) 需要，要求。如：This problem calls for careful th
13、ought. 这问题需要好好想一想。The work calls for time and patience. 这工作需要时间和耐心。 注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。5. call in (1) 叫进，请进。如：He only waited two minutes before he was called in. 他只等了两分钟就被叫了进去。(2) 找来，请来。如：Call in the doctor at once. 马上去请医生来。(3) 来访。如：Please call in at five. 请在五点来访。He called in the office this afternoon.
14、他今天下午来办公室坐了一会儿。(4) 收回。如：The librarian called in all the books. 图书管理员把书全部收了回去。 6. call off (1) 叫走，转移开。如：Call your dog off. 把你的狗叫走。(2) 取消，不举行。如：The match was called off because of bad weather. 由于天气不好，比赛取消了。He phoned me and called the appointment off. 他给我打电话取消了这次约会。7. call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人。如：He called
15、 on them that evening. 他那天晚上去拜访了他们。I called upon Mrs Foster this evening. 我今晚去看望了福斯特太太。8. call sb sth 为某人叫某物。如：Please call me a taxi. 请帮我叫一辆出租车。请帮我叫一辆出租车。注：该句型也可用介词 for 改写。如：Please call a taxi for me. 9. call (up)on sb to do sth 叫(请)某人做某事。如：Then the teacher called on me to answer the question. 这里老师叫
16、我回答问题。We are calling on you to help us. 我们恳请你帮助我们。(2) 号召某人做某事。如：The Party called on us to study hard for the people. 党号召我们要为人民努力学习。10. call out(1) 大声叫(喊)。如：He called out with pain. 他痛得大叫。The drowning boy called out for help. 溺水的男孩大声呼救。(2) 叫出去。如：The teacher called me out. 老师把我叫了出去。(3) 召唤，请来，调去。如：He decided to call out the army. 他决定动用军队。The fire brigade was called out twice last night. 昨晚消防队出动了两次。注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。如：A number of police were called out to keep order
