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1、攻克省略难题的五大方法省略是指在不影响句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，将句子中的某些成分省略掉，从而使所表达的内容更加紧凑和简洁。近年来，许多高考试题为增加其灵活性和考查考生综合运用语言的能力，经常利用省略这一手段来编制试题，或考查考生对省略句的判断和理解，或借省略为干扰考查其他相关知识点，并因此出现了不少同学们望而生畏的难题，本文拟就如何应对这类试题作一分析，并为同学们介绍五大攻克省略难题的方法。一、整句还原法所谓整句还原法，即指通过分析题干所提供的情景或句子结构，将命题者省略的部分补充完整，然后再根据完整的句子进行分析和答题。如：1. “What were you trying to prov
2、e to the police?” “_ I was last night.”A. That B. When C. Where D. What分析：此题应选 C，其余三项均有可能误选。做对此题的关键是要明确答语部分为省略句，若将其补充完整，即为：I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. 其中where 引导的是一个宾语从句。请再看以下类似试题：(1) “What made her so happy?” “_ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”A. Th
3、at B. 不填 C. Since D. For此题选A，若将其补充完整，即为：That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy.(2) “What made you so upset?” “_ my wallet.”A. Lost B. Losing C. Having lost D. Being lost此题选B，若将其补充完整，即为：Losing my wallet made me so upset.(3) “What did she tell you?” “_ she would be lat
4、e”A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether此题选A，若将其补充完整，即为：She told me that she would be late.2. I want to improve my English, but I dont know _. What can you suggest?A. when B. how C. why D. where分析：此题应选 B，其余三项均有可能误选，其实此句为省略句，若将此句补充完整，即为：but I dont know how to improve my English. 请看以下类似试题：(1) I think the
5、 door is locked, but Id better go and make sure it _.A. does B. has C. was D. is答案选D，为 and make sure it is locked 之省略。(2) Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that答案选C，为I cant remember which city he comes from 之省略。(3) He didnt sell half as m
6、any computers as he thought he _.A. had B. was C. would D. sold答案选C，为He didnt sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略。二、常识语境法常识语境法指的是，同学们在补充省略成分时要充分考虑句子本身的语境，有时还要结合一定的生活常识和学科常识，即补充完整的句子不仅要符合语法，而且要符合情理。如：1. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _love her or more
7、 than she loves _?”A. you, me B. she, you C. I, me D. I, you分析：做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句，补充完整为 You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意为“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她，还是说你爱我胜过她爱我？”，所以答案应选A。若选其他答案，从语法上也是对的，但不合情理。2. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in th
8、e class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higherC. the higher D. the highest分析：此题答案为B。此句实为Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不仅句意仍然清楚，而且显得更为简洁。句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同上，答案均选A)：(1) How beautifully she sings! I ha
9、ve never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best(2) “Ive never found _ job.” “Congratulations.”A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best(3) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, wonderful. We couldnt have found _ place.”A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best
10、(4) How cold it is! Weve never had _ day this winter.A. a colder B. a coldC. the coldest D. the colder三、一致验证法所谓一致验证法，即指在补充省略成分时，要注意考虑句子结构的前后一致性，此法尤其适合于做因承前省略而拟编的试题。如：1. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If _, youll have to wait till Friday.A. not B. cant C. dont D. wont分析：答案应选A。if not为if I cant fix it
11、tomorrow 之省略。其中的if I cant fix it tomorrow与前面的 I can fix it tomorrow一致。注意，此题不能选B，因为句子已省略了主语。下面请再看一个类似的例子：If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _.A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not此题应选A。If not, not. 为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意为“如果天气好, 我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和
12、句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见, 于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 not。2. They are different in form but _ in meaning.A. not B. no C. arent D. dont分析：答案选A，but not in meaning为 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。又如：(1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _.A. killing B. to kill C. killed D. kil
13、l答案选C，but the mother killed 为 but the mother was killed 之省略。(2) The apartments fine for two people, but _.A. no more B. no any C. not more D. not any答案选C，but not more 为 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。四、语法分析法英语中有些省略是由特定的语法现象造成的，同学们在做题时首先要确定句子的省略涉及什么语法结构或语法现象等，然后再根据相应的语法知识来分析作答。如：1. “
14、Who has eaten all the cake, Jim?” “Oh, _ must your two pet dogs.” A. itB. they C. thatD. which分析：许多同学可能认为此题应选B，因为其后的your two pet dogs为复数。但实际上，此题的最佳答案就是A，不仅涉及强调句型这一考点，而且是其省略形式，此句若补充完整，即为：It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake.2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming.A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget分析：此题最佳答案为A。考查had better后接动词原形的用法。但是考题中将you had bett
