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1、直接引语和间接引语的用法引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1 直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tel
2、l, repeat, explain, think等。He said , You are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?She asked
3、 me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you?She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.（2） 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that
4、night.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , Where do you live?He asked me where I lived.3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）.The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , Dont leave the door
5、open.His father told him not to leave the door open.注意（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked.He asked me to open the
6、window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.4.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that i
7、t was a lovely day.5如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时He said“I am angry.”He told me that he was angry.（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job
8、.”Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时注意（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to
9、 me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.The girl said that she gets
10、 up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为
11、间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only six .He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化，变化方法见下表。指示
12、代词thisthese thesethose 表示时间的词nowthen todaythat daythis week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) agothree days (a year. etc) before tomorrowthe next (following ) day next week (month ,etc)the next (following
13、 ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词herethere动词bringtake comego如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修
14、饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。练习题1He said: “Ive left my book in my roo
15、m.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” 7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10
