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1、高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义09【精讲版全国通用】英语的语气与虚拟语气知识点总结英语的语气与虚拟语气关于动词的语气动词的语气与我们日常生活中说的“语气”有所不同,比如我们平常说的“委婉语气”“怀疑的语气”“生硬的语气”“害怕的语气”等等,这与“动词的语气”均没有关系。动词的语气是动词的一种形式。根据说话意图的不同,动词需要不同的形式,这就是所谓的语气(mood)。关于语气的分类,不同的语法学有不同的看法,有的语法学家将语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气四种,有的语法学家将语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三种(即将“疑问语气”并在“陈述语气”之中)。关于陈述语
2、气陈述语气(indicative mood)用于陈述事实或提出看法。英语中的句子绝大部分都是陈述语气。我们在谈论时态和语态时,都主要是指陈述语气的动词变化。如:He did very well in the examination.他考得很好。She heard the front door shut.她听见大门给关上了。I wonder if I might use your phone.不知可否用一下你的电话。He lived there happily for a year.他在那儿愉快地居住了一年。关于疑问语气疑问语气(interrogative mood)用于提出问题。英语中的疑问句
3、均属于疑问语气。如:Where do you come from?你是哪里人?Why are you so nervous?你为什么这样紧张?What did you do that for?你做这个干什么?How many windows are broken?打破了多少扇窗户?Why dont you think more about other people?你怎么就不多为别人着想呢?关于祈使语气祈使语气(imperative mood)用于提出命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议等。英语中的祈使句使用的就是祈使语气。在祈使语气中,动词要用原形,其否定式是在动词原形前加do not或don
4、t。如:Come and sit on the sofa.来坐在沙发上。Get up and dress quickly.起来,快穿好衣服。Lets go to the cinema tonight.今晚咱们去看电影。Try holding your breath to stop sneezing.试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏。Stop throwing stones at the cat, darling.别往猫身上扔石头啊,亲爱的。Do not touch these wires.请勿接触电线!Dont get him talking about his illnesses.不要让他谈他的病情
5、。祈使语气的否定式有时用never引起。如:Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.不要无事惹事。Never speak to me like that again.决不要再那个样子跟我说话。Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事,今日毕。关于虚拟语气虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)用于表示一种假想的情况或主观愿望。英语的虚拟语气用法比较有限,主要用于条件从句或某些特定的句型中。如:He behaves as though he were the owner.
6、他表现得就好像他是主人。I wish (that) I hadnt spent so much money.但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。If only I knew the answer to your question.我要是知道你的问题的答案就好了。Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!世界人民大团结万岁!If I had been taller, I would have joined the police force.如果我的具头儿再高一点,我就会当警察。If I were you Id plant some trees
7、 round the house.如果我是你的话,我就会在房子周围种一些树。虚拟语气有哪些表现形式虚拟语气表现形式一用动词原形表示虚拟语气,可用于所有人称和数。如:If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法,这是不能接受的。If any person be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal.如果有人被发现有罪,他应有申诉权。虚拟语气表现形式二用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气,可用于所有人称和数(其中be的过去式用were,也适用于所有人称和数)。如:If he
8、 failed he should try again.万一他失败了,他应当再试一次。If you tried again you would succeed.要是你再试一试,你会成功的。If we missed the show, it would be a pity.如果我们错过演出,那会很遗憾的。If I were you, Id accept their offer.如果我是你,我就接受他们的建议。虚拟语气表现形式三用“had+过去分词”表示虚拟语气,可用于所有人称和数。如:If I had worked harder at school, I d have got a better
9、job.要是我上学时勤奋一些,我就会有较好的工作了。If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do.如果他了解事实,他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。We would never have met if he hadnt have crashed into my car.要不是他撞了我的车,我们就不会见面了。虚拟语气表现形式四用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,可用于所有人称和数。如:He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。If you should write t
10、o her, send her my love.如果你给她写信,请代我向她致意。It is not necessary that everyone should be a scientist.没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。虚拟语气表现形式五用“should+have+过去分词”表示虚拟语气,可用于所有人称和数。如:You should have told us earlier.你应当早点告诉我们的。It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.真奇怪,他没有通知我们就走掉了。If the steamer shou
11、ld have left port at noon, it will be passing through the canal now.轮船如果中午离港,它现在大概正穿过运河。虚拟语气表现形式六用于“should (would)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中的should用于第一人称,would第二、三人称(但在美国英语中常用would代替should)。如:But for his pension, he would starve.要不是他有养老金,他就挨饿了。She would be perfectly happy if she had a car.假如她有一辆车,她会十分快乐。If I w
12、ere you, I should take his advice.我若是你,就会听他的忠告。虚拟语气表现形式七用于“should (would)+have+过去分词”表示虚拟语气,其中的should用于第一人称,would第二、三人称(但在美国英语中常用would代替should)。如:The soup would have been better if it had had less salt.这汤如果少放点盐就好了。If I had seen her I should have invited her.我当时要是看到她的话我本会邀请她的。She would never have been promoted if she hadnt changed jobs.她当时要是不调换工作,是永远得不到提拔的。注意,虚拟语气的动词形式有时也陈陈语气的某些动词时态形式相同,但两者的内涵及其所表示的时间皆不一样,千万不可混淆。