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1、Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofDue Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习旳现象； 2.出现这种现象旳原因和后果； 3.我认为Due Attentio
2、n Should Be Given to the Study of ChinesePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Obamas success isnt all good news for black Americans As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. In that one
3、 second, it was a validation for my whole race, she recalls. Ive always been an achiever, says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like
4、 a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now its like a barrier has been let down. Whites experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on w
5、hite Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated, says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. Hes very intelligent and eloquent.Sting in the
6、tail Ashby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obamas candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the Obama effect is changing peoples views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a stin
7、g in the tail of the Obama effect. But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt Univer
8、sity and his colleagues discovered. They tested four separate groups at four key stages of Obamas presidential campaign. Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and the test assessed their language skills. At two of these stages, when Obamas success was less than cert
9、ain, the tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participantsan average of 12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better. Those who had watched Obamas acceptance speech as
10、the Democrats presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects.After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.Dramatic shift What can explain this dramatic shift? At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were to
11、ld their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This should have primed the subjects with stereotype threat an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereotypes, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans. Obamas successes seemed to act as
12、 a shield against this. We suspect they felt inspired and energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldnt prove a distraction, says Friedman.Lingering racism If the Obama effect is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of havin
13、g a charismatic (有魅力旳) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly; instead psychologists assess what is known as implicit bias, using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative wordssuch as love or
14、 evilwith photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traitssuch as athletic skills or mental abilitywith a particular group. In a study that will appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plants team tested 229 students
15、 during the height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias has fallen by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2023. Thats an unusually large drop, Plant says. While the team cant be sure their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that those with t
16、he lowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as government or president. This suggests that Obama was strongly on their mind, says Plant.Drop in bias Brian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias using similar test, has also observed a s
