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1、第三部分语言运用精准篇专题一完形填空专题一完形填空第6讲体裁破解说明文高频考点研析透辨辨明明题题类类说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。其基本模式是：观点说明总结。说明文要通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊地解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。技技法法点点拨拨1快速通读全文，明确作者从什么角度和侧面对哪一个说明对象进行说明的。2把
2、握每段的说明侧重点，理清段落之间的逻辑关系，加深对说明对象的理解。3清楚作者是按照时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序还是认知顺序来展开说明的，进一步确定前后文的因果关系、先后主次、由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由客观到本质等。4抓住体现作者态度的关键词句，有利于掌握作者的写作情感和意图。真真题题体体验验(2022全国乙卷改编)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,theres something highly exciting about 1 someone elses glan
3、ce and making oneself unable to be seen.However,we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly“egocen
4、tric”(自我中心的)creatures.But our 5 research results in child developmental psychology contradicted that ideAWe brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.We then asked the child if she could 7 or hear the adult
5、.Surprisingly,children replied that they couldnt.The same 8 happened when the adult covered her own mouth:Now children said that they couldnt 9 to her.A number of 10 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear:Our young subjects 11 the questions and kn
6、ew exactly what was asked of them.Their 12 to the questions reflected their true belief that“I can see you only if you can see me,too.”They simply 13 mutual(相互的)recognition and regard.Our 14 suggest when a child“hides”by putting a blanket over her head,it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact,child
7、ren consider this method 15 when others use it.1.AfollowingBtakingCescaping Ddirecting2.Aclever BbadCscared Dquick3.Aexposed BexaminedCuntouched Dimbalanced4.Asupported BguaranteedCimagined Dinterpreted5.Adisappointing BmixedCsurprising Ddesired6.Aparent BchildCresearcher Ddoctor7.Asee BhelpCreach D
8、fool8.Aevent BthingCaction Daccident9.Aspeak BlistenCturn Dwave10.Ainstructions BdescriptionsCexperiments Dassumptions11.Acomprehended BpredictedCexplored Dignored12.Aresponses BapproachesCcontribution Dsensitivity13.Ahold back Brelate toCinsist on Dmake up14.Alimitations BrequirementsCtheories Dfin
9、dings15.Atentative BimpressiveCcreative Deffective【解题示范】第一步：速读全文，从宏观上把握说明文的说明对象，弄清说明顺序，理清段落关系，把握写作意图，掌握文章大意。1文章主旨：文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。2说明对象：孩子们捉迷藏时，常常只遮住自己的眼睛而身体其他部位却暴露在外的现象。3说明顺序：按着认知顺序展开说明。4写作意图：通过实验说明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重这一现象的本质。第二步：细读文章，从微观
10、上破解三大层次题依据说明对象、说明顺序，理清逻辑关系，抓住关键词句，运用语言知识、文化背景、生活常识、上下文语境等作出选择。1【句组层次】逻辑推理题。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。Afollowing跟随；B.taking取走；C.escaping避开；D.directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。2【句组层次】逻辑推理题。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善
11、于隐藏。Aclever聪明的；B.bad不擅长的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.为固定搭配，表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。3【句内层次】逻辑推理题。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。Aexposed无遮蔽的；B.examined已检查过的；C.untouched未受影响的；D.imbalanced失衡的。根据空前“They often cove
12、r only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。4【句内层次】逻辑推理题。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。Asupported支持；B.guaranteed保证；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解释。根据“as evidence that children are hopelessly egocentric creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释
13、为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。5【语篇层次】逻辑推理题。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。Adisappointing令人失望的；B.mixed混合的；C.surprising令人惊讶的；D.desired渴望的。根据空后“research results in child developmental psychology contradicted that idea”以及下文“Our 14 suggest when a child hides by putting a blanket over her head,it is not a resul
14、t of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。6【句组层次】逻辑推理题。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。Aparent父(母)亲；B.child儿童；C.researcher研究员；D.doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。7【句组层次】逻辑推理题。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音
15、。Asee看见；B.help帮助；C.reach到达；D.fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。8【句内层次】逻辑推理题。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。Aevent大事；B.thing事情；C.action行动；D.accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldnt 9 to her”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。9【句内层次】
16、生活常识题。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。Aspeak说；B.listen听；C.turn转；D.wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”及常识可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。10【语篇层次】词义辨析题。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。Ainstructions命令；B.descriptions描述；C.experiments实验；D.assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。11【句内层次】逻辑推理题。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。Acomprehended理解；B.predicted预测；C.explored探索；D.ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew 11 what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。12【句内层次】逻辑推理题
