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1、第二部分阅读能力突破篇专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解第1讲题型破解细节理解题高频考点研析透细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一-具体事实和细节的理解,特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。细节理解题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。考点1直接细节题辨辨明明题题类类直接细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。题目一般就文中的某一具体事实细节设题，设问方式多为以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和ho
2、w)等开头的特殊疑问句，在原文中可直接找到答案。技技法法点点拨拨直接细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根据题干内容提取关键信息定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子；第二步：运用跳读、略读技巧快速在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，迅速定位原文，找出相关的句子；第三步：分析对比选项与文中细节，得出正确答案。真真题题体体验验(2023全国乙卷A)PRACTITIONERSJacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322)highl
3、ights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor,she was banne
4、d from medicineJames Barry(c.17891865)was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicineShe qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profess
5、ion living and working as a manTan Yunxian(14611554)was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期)with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,S
6、ayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physicianRebecca Lee Crumpler(18311895)worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where s
7、he provided medical care to freed slaves23Who was the first African American with a medical degree？.AJacqueline Felice de AlmaniaBTan YunxianCJames BarryDRebecca Lee Crumpler【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出题干关键词：the first African American with a medical degree；第二步：迅速定位段落：根据第四部分“Four years later,she was the first A
8、frican American woman to receive a medical degree(四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。考点2间接细节题辨辨明明题题类类考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句式结构)改头换面，或者把文中信息整合归纳，来表达相同的意思。技技法法点点拨拨在做间接细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，以及表达方式，最后确定选项。第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词；第二步：定位题干关键词
9、的转换形式(同义词、近义词、释义等)，或者对原文的概括归纳，锁定原文相关信息；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化或对原文概括归纳。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，或者用一句话概括归纳原文的某一部分，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。真真题题体体验验(2023全国乙卷C)What comes into your mind when you think of British food?Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and t
10、wo vegetablesBut is British food really so uninteresting?Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller listsIts thanks to these TV chefs
11、rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habitsIt is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britains consumers
12、 would like to change or improve their cooking in some wayThere has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and collegesIt seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cookingAccording to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Briton
13、s say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different foodAlmost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料)than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than beforeOne in four adults say that TV chefs have made them
14、 much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are also getting more interested in cookingThe UKs obsession(痴迷)with food is reflected through television schedulingCookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than beforeWith an increasi
15、ng number of male chefs on TV,its no longer“uncool”for boys to like cooking28What do people usually think of British food？_ AIt is simple and plainBIt is rich in nutritionCIt lacks authentic tastesDIt deserves a high reputation【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出题干关键词：people usually think of British food；第二步：辨别选项定位到段落
16、：根据第一段“What comes into your mind when you think of British food?Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetablesBut is British food really so uninteresting？(当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？)”可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。uninteresting和simple and plain可为语义上的转换。故选A。考点3数字计算题辨辨明明题题类类既然是阅读理解题，数字计算题并不是真正考查考生的数学计算能力，主要仍是考查考生对文中涉及一些数字的某部分和题干的理解能力，数学计算方面是很基础的，简单的。技技法法点点拨拨1审明题干要求，提取题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3特殊信
