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1、代词、人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词I我memyminemyselfyou你youyouryoursyourselfhe他himhishishimselfshe她herherhersherselfit它ititsitsitselfwe我们usouroursourselvesyou你们youyouryoursyourselvesthey他们themtheirtheirsthemselves1 .人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。I like table tennis.（作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）2 .几个人称代词并列做主语时，它
2、们的顺序是单数形式 （二三一 ） you, he, she and I you, Peter, Alice and I复数形式（一二三）we, you and they但是当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。3 .形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.我们的老师将要来看我们。This is her pencil-box.这是她的铅笔盒4 .名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复，其作用相当于名词并 且相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our schoo
3、l is here, and theirs is there* 作主语）这里的theirs相当于their schoolIs this English-book yours?（作表语）一 No. Mine is in my bag.这里的yours, mine相当于your/my English-bookIve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）5 .名词性物主代词可以用在of后做定语，相当于“。任名词所有格”表示带有部分 概念。例如：He is a friend of mine.他是我的一位朋友。A fri
4、end of my fathers is a doctor.我爸爸的一个朋友是医生。6 .反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。Would you please express yourself in English?你能用英语表达自己的想法吗The girl in the news is myself.新闻里的女孩正是我自己。I myself washed the clothes (=1 washed the clothes myself.)我自己洗了 衣服。He knows himself well.他很了 解他自己。反身代词常用的短语teach oneself 自 学learn by
5、oneself 自 学enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun 玩的高兴help oneself to 随便吃 come to oneself 苏醒make yourself at home 别拘束Exercise:1. His MP3 is the same as , but it is more expensive.A. himB. mineC. myD. her2. 一Is this the Greens9 house?-No.is over there.A. HisB. TheirC. TheirD. Them3. 一Is this kite,
6、Tom?Yes, its mine. Ifs made by.A. yours, myself B. mine, myself C. ours, himself4. - Is Miss White English teacher, Maria?一 No, she teaches geography.A. your; myB. you; mineC. you; usD. your; us5. Who is the best friend of at school?I think Helen is. We often help each other.A. mineB.hisC. yoursD. h
7、ers6. 一How was the evening party yesterday?We enjoyed very much.A. usB. ourselvesC. itsD. itself7. His name is James but he calls Jim.A. hisB. himselfC. himD. /8. -Betty, help to some soup.-Thanks a lot.A. youB. yourC. yourself D. yours9. -Help to some fish, children.-Thanks.A. youB. yoursC. yoursel
8、f D. yourselves填空1. At the age of eight, the boy started teaching(he) mathematics.2. She said to(she), What a hard problem!3. The children all thought that they could look after(they).4.1 dont like the present(it), but the box.5. The visitors helped(they) to the cakes.6. It was noisy in the room. I
9、could hardly hear(I) speak.二、指示代词这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethosel.this和these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时 间和空间上较远的事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time.2 .有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的 事物。例如：I had a cold. Thats wh
10、y I didnt come.我感冒了，这是我没有来的原因。What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English.我想说：学习英语时发音很重要。3 .有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.北京造的电视和上海造的一样好。The weather here is much hotter than that in Bei
11、jing.这里的天气比北京的热很多。4 . this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?你好，我是Mary.你是Jack吗？Exercise：1. The machines made in China are cheaper than made in Japan.A. onesB. thatC. thoseD. it2. 一Look! Whats in the sky?一It looks like a kite.A. thisB. thatC. those D. these3. Have you
12、found your lost mobile phone?一No, I haven9t found, but I bought this morning.A. one; that B. that; one C. it; oneD. one; it三、疑问代词疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分疑问词意思用法when什么时间问时间what time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟who谁问人whose谁的问主人where在哪里问地点which哪一个问选择why为什么问原因what什么问东西、事物what color什么颜色问颜色what about怎么样问意见what
13、 day星期几问星期几what date什么日期问日期how怎么样问情况how old多大年纪问年龄how many多少数量（可数名词）问数量how much多少钱，多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）how about怎么样问意见how often多久问频率how long多长时间问时间长度how far多远问多远；多长距离四、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语 和定语。不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither,one, none, little, few, man
14、y, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由some, no, any, every构成的复合词。both两者都all三者都neither两者都不none三者都不either两者（任一个）any三者（任一个）each两者（以上）每一个every三者（以上）每一个both of.两者都谓语动词复数形式neither of.两者都不谓语动词单数形式all of三者都谓语动词复数数形式none of.三者都不谓语动词单数形式each of.每一个都谓语动词单数形式both.and.两者都谓语动词复数形式either.or.两者任一谓语动词就近原则neither.nor.既不也不谓语动词就近原则not only.but also.不仅而且谓语动词就近原则as well as并且，以及谓语动词就远原则注：every后面不能直接加of辨析1. some与any的区别a. some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词 或可数名词复数。例如：Look! Some
