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1、倒装（Inversion）（教师版含答案） 概述: 在英语的句子中，正常的语序是先主语后谓语， 当主语和谓语的位置发生调换的时候，就构成了倒装语序。一是出于语法的要求，多见于疑问句，there be句型中和祝愿句中，二是出于修辞的需要，为了强调，为了描写生动，为衔接上下文或是平衡句子，都可能要用到倒装语序。分类：倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词，情 态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：要点：1. 把握好引导倒装的条件2. 注意部分倒装时态的
2、转换和某些特殊句型的时态（如 no sooner than, hardlywhen）3. 在需要倒装的复合句中正确地区分发生倒装是在主句还是从句一. 全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时与一般过去时。常见的结构有：1. there be句型, 其中be动词有时可exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear,remain, happen 等词代替例：There lay a winding brook in front of an old house. 翻译：教室有一位有经验的老师和很多可爱的学生。There is an
3、experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then放在句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run及表运动的动词等，并且句子的主语是名词。例：Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. Ahead sat an old man.注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。 Away
4、 they went. (=They went away.)翻译：我昨天买的鸟飞走了.Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday.3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。例： “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother.“The car is mine,” said Tom.注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。 “The car is mine,” he said.4. 为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，将状语提前。例：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which
5、 sat a small boy.Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。 例：Gone are the days when we are enslaved.Present at the meeting are ten famous writers Among the children was an old man.将下列句子变为倒装句：1. Two lakes lie to the east of the city.To the east of the
6、city lie two lakes.2. A boy sat in front of the house. In front of the house sat a boy.3. A table was in the corner. In the corner was a table.二 部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语前，如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did, 并将其置于主语前。1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, never, not, few, litt
7、le, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan等。 例：Not a single mistake did he made.Never have I seen such a performance.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.Not until the child fell aslee
8、p did the mother leave the room.Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender.Not only you but also she has been to Beijing.注意：1）hardly when, no sooner than 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时2）not until 引导从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。3）当not only but also 连接两个分句时，只在not only 引导的分句倒装，如果连接两个词语则不倒装，但要注意主谓
9、一致。4） 否定词不在句首不倒装。翻译：1. 任何时候都不允许吸烟。(at no time) At no time is smoking permitted. 2. 直到她在我有困难的时候给我伸出援手我才意识到友谊的重要性。Not until she gave me a hand when I was in trouble did I realize the importance of friendship. 3. 北京不仅是有着悠久历史的中国的首都，而且是一个现代化的城市.Not only is Bejing the capital of China with a long history,
10、 but also it is a modern city.2. only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。例：Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.注意：如果only 引导从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。翻
11、译：1）只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。 Only in this way can you learn English well.2）只有当你建立起自信心你才会获得成功。 Only when you build up confidence will you achieve your success.3. 用于疑问句。Shall everything be ready before you arrive? What can I do for you?注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒.Who can work it out? How many students have read this
12、 book? 翻译：1. 要提高我们的英语水平我们该做些什么呢? What should we do to improve our English? 2. 你说他正在干什么来着? What do you think he is doing? 3. 你知道他是在哪里找到它的吗? Do you know where he found it?4. “so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。例：So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.S
13、uch a lovely child is he that all of us love him.翻译：小明如此的粗心以致他到了学校才发现自己没带作业本。So careless is Xiaoming that he found that he didnt take his exercise books when he arrived at school.5. so, as, neither, nor, no more 位于句首，表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。例： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither wil
14、l I.- Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? - I dont know, B . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，主谓不倒装 -Its raining hard. - So it is (确实如此)。6. 用于形容词（名词/动词）+ as/though 的让步状语从句中。例：Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us.Try
15、hard as they would, they could not lift the box.注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后，如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则随实义动词一起放在主语之前。翻译：虽然他还是个小孩子，他懂得的要比同龄人要多。Child as he is, he knows more than his peers/the kids of his age.7. 在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略， 把were, had, should 移到主语之前。例： Were I you, I would try it again. Should I earn money, I should live better. Had it not been for your help, I couldnt have finished the task on time.翻译：如果我采纳了老
