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1、acknowledge， admit， own， avow， confess， concedeThese verbs mean to make a disclosure, usually with reluctance or under pressure. To 这些动词都表示不情愿或在压力之下揭示真相。n acknowledge is to accept responsibility for something one makes known: acknowledge 表示承担使某事公开的责任：He acknowledged that the purchase had been a mist
2、ake. 他承认购买那东西是个错误之举。n Admit usually implies marked reluctance in acknowledging ones acts or accepting a different point of view: Admit 常常暗含不情愿承认某人的行为或接受不同的观点：“There are some faults which men readily admit, but others not so readily” (Epictetus). “虽然有人承认了一些错误，但另一些不是这么主动” （爱比克泰德）。n Own stresses person
3、al acceptance of and responsibility for ones thoughts or deeds: Own 强调对某人的思想和行为的个人接受或个人责任：She owned that she had fears for the childs safety. 她承认她对孩子的安全担心。n Avow, a strong term, means to assert openly and boldly: Avow， 一带强烈意义的词，表示公开大胆地宣扬：“Many a man thinks, what he is ashamed to avow” (Samuel Johnso
4、n). “很多人都考虑过那些他们羞于说出来的事” （萨谬尔约翰逊）。n Confess usually emphasizes disclosure of something damaging or inconvenient to oneself: Confess 通常指揭露对某人不利或有损坏的事：I have to confess that I lied to you. To 我得承认我对你撒了谎。 n concede is to admit something, such as the validity of an argument, often against ones will: con
5、cede 指确认论点的有效性等事，通常是指违背某人意愿的：The lawyer refused to concede that the two cases were at all similar. 律师拒绝做出这两宗案件相似的表示。estimate, appraise, evaluate, value, assess, appreciate这组同义词的一般含义是“估计”或“估价”。n estimate表示的“估价”或“估价”只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in term
6、s of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.虽然用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值是可能的；但要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值却极为困难。One authority made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one a
7、cre.一位权威对英国南方一块草坪上的蜘蛛作过统计，他估计每英亩有2,250,000多只蜘蛛。n evaluate 很少用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值，而是用来表示“评价”。如“领导对他的评价很高”。By marks in numbers or letters, the teacher evaluates a students work.老师用数字或字母的符号来评价学生的作业。The scientists were still evaluating their data.那些科学家还在评价他们的资料。n appreciate 是前面这几个词的近义词，它的意思是“鉴赏”，即充分了解某物
8、或某人的价值或才能，以期批判地欣赏或赏识。appreciate的同义词应为value, treasure, cherish.I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.我认为小孩子常常比任何别的人都能更好地鉴赏现代图画。Children always appreciate small gifts of money.小孩子总是把大人给的一点点钱看得很重。n assess的原义是对某商品进行估价，以期决定应课多少税；词义引伸之后，assess通常表示“估计”出某物的价值，以
9、更有效地利用它。It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure to understand each other.要估计出这种机器的重要性是不可能的，因为许多国际间的误解纯粹是由于相互不能了解而导致的。n appraise 表示的“评价”是行家的“估计”，常用于估计某物的价值或市场价格，也可用于评审某物的质量，或估计某人的才能等。An expert
10、came to appraise the value of my antiques.一位专家来对我的古玩作了估价。An employer shoule be able to apprasise ability and character.雇主应当有能力估计才能和性格。n value与appraise的含义很近，即“估计某物的价值、价格”。其区别在于appraise强调“行家”的估计，而value用于一般人所作的“估计”He valued the house for me at 3,500.他为我估价了这幢房子，说值3500英镑。I value your advice.我对你的忠告是看得很重的。
11、mean， low， base， abject， ignoble， sordidThese adjectives mean lacking in the elevation or dignity or falling short of the standards befitting human beings. 这些形容词都是有缺乏尊严或不符合人类的道德标准的含义。n Mean suggests pettiness; it may also connote traits such as spite or niggardliness: Mean 有心胸狭窄的含义，同时也指带有恶意或吝啬：“chok
12、d with ambition of the meaner sort” (Shakespeare). “被那种狭窄的野心憋得透不过气来” （莎士比亚）。“Never ascribe to an opponent motives meaner than your own” (J.M. Barrie). Something low violates standards of morality, ethics, or propriety: “千万不要和比你自己的动机更恶毒的对手较量” (J.M.巴里）Low 的人（或事）违背道德、伦理和礼貌的标准： n low cunning; 卑劣的狡诈；a lo
13、w trick. 卑劣的恶作剧。n Base suggests a contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish lack of human decency: Base 指思想卑鄙，让人蔑视，缺乏人类的自尊：“that liberal obedience, without which your army would be a base rabble” (Edmund Burke). “那心甘情愿的服从；如果没有它，你们的军队将是一群卑鄙的乌合之众” （爱德蒙伯克）。n Abject means brought low in condition; it ofte
14、n indicates starkness or hopelessness: Abject 多指因处于严酷、无望的状态下导致的卑鄙行为：abject submission; 可鄙的屈服；abject poverty. 可鄙的贫穷。n Ignoble means lacking those qualities, such as elevated moral character, that give human beings distinction of mind and soul: Ignoble 指缺乏那些使人类思想、心灵和精神高贵的品格，如很高的道德水准：“For my part I thi
15、nk it a less evil that some criminals should escape than that the government should play an ignoble part” (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.). “至于我，我认为一些罪犯的脱逃比政府扮演不光彩角色的罪行还要轻” （小奥立佛文德尔霍姆）。n Sordid suggests foul, repulsive degradation: Sordid 表示令人厌恶的卑鄙：“It is through art . . . that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence” (Oscar Wilde).“是艺术使我们能够避开现实世界卑鄙、肮脏的危险” （奥斯卡王尔德）idea， thought， notion， concept， conceptionThese nouns refer to what is formed or represented in the mind as the product of mental activity. 这些名词都是指脑力活动后在脑海中出现的表像。Idea has the
