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1、现把情态动词的自己总结心得放在这里，有需要者，请自己动手；有批注者，请留下墨宝！ 情态动词 Modal Auxiliary 情态动词：可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词的构成：can, could, must, need, may, might, will, would, shall, should, would rather, had better, dare, used to, （ have to, be able to）情态动词的用法:1. 情态动词+ do2. 情态动词+ have done3. 情态动词+ be doing情态动词 + do 的特殊用
2、法:1. will可以表示“愿意”此时可以用在条件从句中；will用于二、二人称表示 习惯或现在经常性的动作。E.g. If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice.You will sit here for hours saying nothing.2. would 可以表示过去经常性的动作。E.g. When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.3. shall用于二、三人称的陈述句表示命令；用于二、三人称的一
3、般疑问句中 表示请求。E.g. A so called Smith wants to see you. Shall he wait for you inside?4. should可以表示“按道理来说”的含义。也可以表示一种惊讶语气，此时可以 翻译成“竟然”。E.g. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. E.g. -When I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They should be ready by
4、 12:00.5. would rather 与 had better 的否定形式分别为 would rather not 和 had better not。E.g. You had better not break the rules, or you will be punished.6. need和dare既可以做情态动词使用（后+do），也可以做实义动词使用（后 +to do）。当 sth/sb + need/want/require/demand 后+doing/to be done （此时的人往往为“老、 弱，病、残、幼、囚）。I dare say that 为固定句型。E.g. T
5、he flowers need watering.7. used to的否定形式有两种：usednt to和didnt use to。反义疑问句也有两种 usednt 和 didnt。&must的否定形根据不同的含义式有三种：cant, neednt， mustnt，含义分别为“不可能”，“不必”，“不应该”。E.g. He cant tell lies according to what he said.9. 对would和could 一般疑问句的回答必须用will和can。E.g. -Could I use your phone? My phone is out of order.-Yes
6、, you can.10. cant help doing 和 could not but do 表示 “禁不住 ”。E.g. When they heard the exciting news, they couldnt help jumping.11. can not help but do 表示 “不可能不做某事 ”。E.g. I can not help but notice the scar on his face.情态动词+have done的特殊用法:1. should have done “本应该做 ”或“竟然已经 ”。E.g. I should have arranged f
7、or the plan better.To our surprise, Jenny, who is the top student, should have passed the finial exam.2. must have done定已经-”的否定形式为 cant have done/couldnt have done,也就是说英语中不存在mustnt have done结构。E.g. He cant have attended the meeting, because I didnt see him at that time.3. would rather have done 的否定形
8、式为 would rather not have done。也就是不 存在 wouldnt rather have done。E.g. I would rather not have said those words.4. neednt have done “本不必做-实际上做了”，而 didnt have to “不必做-, 实际上也没有做”。E.g. You neednt have done all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.You didnt have to come here beca
9、use of the bad weather.5. may/might have done 可以表示责备语气。E.g. Dont do that again. You might have hurt her.6. 情态动词+ have done的反意疑问句的形式:若句子中有明显的时间状语， 则用一般过去时(was/were/did)来反意疑问；若句子中没有明显的时间状语，则用 完成式(have/has)来反意疑问。E.g. Tom muse have been at home yesterday, wasnt he?Tom must have been at home, hasnt he?7.
10、 情态动词+ have done的省略形式为:情态动词+ have，其原因是have要体 现出是完成式。E.g. -I remembered handing out the paper.-You neednt have. It was no use at all.情态动词的注意要点：1. 情态动词+ have done中，这一结构都是表示一般过去的时态（除了 will/shall have done表示将来完成时）。情态动词+do也可以表示过去时态，但 没有情态动词+have done过去的概念强。2. 情态动词可能性排序：must, will（ would）/ shall（ should）
11、can, could, may, might。3. can和be able to的区别：can往往只用于现在和过去两种时态，而be able to可以用于各种时态。另外be able to还可以指经过努力而取得成功的某一 次具体的动作。E.g. The fire spread quickly, but everyone was able to get out.4. must强调主观原因；have to强调客观原因。E.g. When you are faced with trouble, you must keep calm.We have to adjust ourselves to the changing situation.5. can have done 表推测时多用于疑问句或否定句中，不用于肯定句 could have done 用于肯定句中表示“本来可以完成而未完成的动作”。E.g. He cant / couldnt have forgotten you address so soon.We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
