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1、第3讲 代词（要点透析）it的用法一、 指示代词1. 指代上文提过的事物。That vase is valuable. Its more than 200 years old.那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。【辨析】one, ones, it, that, thoseit特指上文提到的某人和某物；相当于the名词。one 指上文提到的某人或某物中任何一个。复数形式是ones。one前面若有形容词修饰，必须用冠词。Weve got a big room and two small ones.我们有一间大房间和两间小房间。I have a storybook. It is an amusin
2、g one.我有一本故事书，它是有趣的。that和those常有后置定语修饰，有特指意义，that代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于the名词；复数名词用those，相当于the ones。The weight of an elephant is much greater than that of a horse.大象比马重得多。 【知识运用】 I cant find my watch. You havent found _？ If you want to buy a new _， I suggest you buy _ made in China.The books on the firs
3、t shelf are easier than _ on the second shelf.The boy told him his story and also _ of the girl upstairs.【答案】it; one; onethose/the onesthat/the one2. 指代人时，常指小孩或身份不明的人。 Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it? It must be Leo. He said hed come to see me.3. 指代环境或情况。Its too quiet in the room. Everyon
4、e just keeps silent.4. 指代时间、季节、天气或距离。It is spring now and its warm these days.【疑难点击】it指代时间时，有如下句型：(1) It is time for sth.(for sb.)to do sth.that从句( should do/ did，必须用虚拟语气)Its time for lunch.Its time for us to clean the house.Its time that we should clean the house.Its time that we cleaned the house.
5、(2) It is /has been some time since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定。)It is three years since I became a doctor.我当医生已经3年了。(自从我成为医生以来，时间已经过去3年了。)It is three years since he was a doctor.他不当医生已经3年了。It is two years since my father smoked.我父亲不吸烟已有两年了。It is two years since my father began to smoke.我父亲吸烟已有两年了。(
6、3) It/This is the first /secondtime that从句(必须使用现在完成时) 这是某人第次做了某事。It/That was the first/ secondtime that从句(必须使用过去完成时)It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.This was the first time that I had come late to school.(4) It was 时间点 when从句 It was evening when we got home.It was evening in
7、 which we got home.(5) It was / will be some time before从句It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.过了5年他们终于从北大毕业。It wont be long before we graduate from our school.不久，我们就要从我们学校毕业了。二、it 作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或名词性从句所表示的真正主语或宾语。It is possible for me to make a tour around the wo
8、rld.It is no good learning English without speaking it.Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.I really find it a pity that you didnt come to the party.三、强调句型 1. 强调句结构：It is / was 被强调部分 that 句子的其余部分。说明：(1)it是引
9、导词，强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。It was Edison who invented the lamp.(2)验证强调句的方法： 去掉It is/wasthat 结构后，可以把被强调的部分与句子其余部分还原为一个完整的句子。2注意时态的一致性。原句中用的是过去的某种时态， 用it wasthat； 原句中用的是现在或将来的某种时态，用it isthat3. 当被强调的部分是主语时，注意保持主谓一致。It is I that am your English teacher.4. not until结构用于强调句
10、中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be动词后。即：It wasnt untilthat 句子的其余部分。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. (对画线部分进行强调) It wasnt until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (强调句)5强调句中的被强调部分含有一个定语从句，要注意区别、分析。It is/was 被强调部分定语从句that(who)句子的其余部分It is in the city where he was born that he works.他工
11、作的地方是他出生的那个城市。四、带it 的一些固定词组1(Youve/Ive)got it. 懂了，明白了。 Do remember to take this medicine three times a day with warm boiled water. Got it.2. forget it 算了吧，别在意，没关系 I really appreciate your timely help. Forget it. Its just a small cake.3. take it easy 别着急，慢慢来；别过于紧张Theres nothing serious with your stom
12、ach. Take it easy.4. It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。They had a heated discussion, but it came to nothing.5. Dont mention it. 不用谢。6. Thats it. 对了；正是。 Is it your watch that you are looking for? Yes, thats it.7. When it comes to当谈到； 当涉及 When it comes to the matter, she just kept silent. this, that, these,
13、 those的用法指示代词this，that，these，those 在句中相当于名词和形容词，可作主语、表语、定语和宾语。1. this/these 常指后面要提到的事物，有启下的作用；that/those 指前面讲过的事物，有承上的作用。John was hurt in an accident，and that is still a secret to his father.All I want to say is this：He must go to see a doctor.2. 为了避免重复，可用that或those来代替前面提到的名词。The climate of Beijing
14、is not so damp as that of Qingdao. (thatthe climate)The regulations in our school are quite different from those of yours. (thosethe regulations)3. this，these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here 连用；that，those 是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。Those were the days when we were happy together.因此打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you.T
15、his is Wang Tao speaking. Who is that?规则3: society表示“我们居住的社会”时， space表示“星球间的距离即太空”时， nature表示“大自然”时， most表示“大多数”， man 表示“人类”，word表示“消息”时都不用冠词。Racism exists at all levels of society.种族主义存在于社会各阶层。4. those 可代替those persons 在句中用作关系代词的先行词，后跟定语从句。Those who break the rules and regulations will be punished.5. this，that 在口语中有时作状语用，相当于副词so，表示程度，意为“这么”、“那么”。The food is this fat, and I dont want that much.no, none, nothing, no one, nobod
