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1、英 语 动 词 的 种 类 动词的种类分类总表：情态动词1只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ would4勉强可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to助动词1be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同时是实义和系动词2do 形式变化：does/ did 同时是实义动词3have 形式变化：has/ had/ having同时是实义动词4shall
2、形式变化：should同时是情态动词5will 形式变化：would同时是情态动词系动词1状态系动词be特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。2表像系动词look / appear/ seem3感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste4持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6终止系动词prove/ turn out实义动词1不及物动词（vi
3、）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。及物动词 （vt）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。vt后面可以直接跟宾语。2使役动词Make have let.3表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find;listen to/ hear;study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persua
4、de 等。4A谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B非谓语动词在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。A不定式 to do形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to doB动名词doing形式变化：not doingC现在分词doing形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been doneD过去分词done形式变化：not done相关动词分类对比与同近义动词
5、的区分（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动词vi用法（1）主语+ vi(+状语)(不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; res
6、t; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand.(不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi用法（2）主语+vi+介词+宾语aim + atlook +atstare +atstay +a
7、tglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up with wait +for depend + onoperate +onrely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbgo + tohappen +to sblie + to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sth graduate +
8、fromsuffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doingfall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ againstvote +for/ against care + for/aboutapologize + to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree + to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/for arriv
9、e + in/ at(要熟记它们的搭配。)vt与vi近义词对比listen to sbsound like sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelong to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswerappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucce
10、ed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagree with sbpromise sbA既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。 如: begin 开始。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.B既可以用作及物
11、又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话 speak vi. 讲话/ vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operat
12、e vi. 动手术/ vt. 操作run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 经营C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许 allow for 考虑到感官动词 感官动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to的用法归纳总结: (感官动词+ sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy se
13、eing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表示被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some Engli
14、sh, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 试比较（注意理解）:）I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。）I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。）I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。）延续性动词与终止性动词的对比注: “”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词); “”右边的是延续性动词更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize.borrowkeepbuyhavebecomebeput on wearmove tolive inrecognizeknowcatch a coldhave a coldget to knowknowopen sthkeep sth openleavebe away frombegin/start
