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1、高一英语寒假专题经典句型回顾（一）-外研社教学目标：回顾高一所学的重点句型1. 课文原句I live in Shi jiazhuang, a city not far from Bei jing. （Page 2）我住在石家庄,一个离北京不远的城市。点拨在本句中,a city not far from Bei jing 是Shi jiazhuang的同位语。同位语是在名词或代词之后并列于名词或代词并对前者加以说明的成份，近乎于后置定语。如：We students should love our country. （students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）用作同位语的从句叫做同位语
2、从句。同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report等,关联词多用that。如：They were all surprised at the news that the president was shot dead.对总统被枪杀这件事,他们都很惊讶。点击名题Information has been put for-ward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（2001 上海）A. whileB. that C. when
3、 D. as解析答案B。实际上这是一个同位语从句，information与同位语从句被has been put forward分隔开来，that引导的同位语从句用来解释information的具体内容。这句话的意思是“有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学学习。”2. 课文原句There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late . （Page 12） This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the t
4、eacher is considered very important. （Page 19） We saw abandoned farms, which were built more than a hundred years ago. （Page 23）点拨以上三句用到英语学习中一个非常重要的语法现象定语从句,也就是用来做定语的从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句跟在先行词的后面,如句中students是先行词，who是关系词。 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。选择关系词要根据其在从句中所充当的成份以及先行词与从句中谓语的关系。关系代词有：who, whom,
5、whose, that, which等；关系副词有：when, where, why等。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。观察下面两个句子：The man who sat in the first row was our English teacher. （限制性定语从句）Mr. Zhang, who sat in the first row, was our English teacher. （非限制性定语从句）可以看出限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语；如果删去，全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起
6、进一步补充说明的作用；即使去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时不能省略；做宾语时可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。如：The man who won the match was awarded 1,000 Yuan. （who 在从句中做主语，不能省略）The man （ who / whom / that） I talked with is a famous artist. （who / whom / that 在从句中作宾语，可以省略）某些在从句中充当
7、时间、地点或原因状语的关系副词when, where和why 等可以用“介词+关系词”结构替换。如：This is the house where I lived three years ago. This is the house in which I lived three years ago. 点击名题Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? （2002 上海）A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why h
8、e explained 解析答案A。reason 在定语从句中做宾语，省略了关系代词which / that。3. 课文原句Shes very strict we dont dare to say a word unless she asks us to. （Page 12）她非常严厉我们一个字都不敢说，除非她让我们开口。 点拨这是一个由unless 引导的条件状语从句。unless相当于if . not,如：We will go to picnic tomorrow unless it rains （= if it doesnt rain）. 除非明天下雨，否则我们将去野餐（如果明天不下雨,
9、我们将去野餐）。注意不要把unless引导的从句的肯定式谓语写成否定式。点击名题_ something unexpected happens, I will go shopping with you tomorrow. A. UnlessB. IfC. WithD. As long as 解析答案A。如果没有意外，明天我会和你一起去购物。4. 课文原句It is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries.（Page 12） 看不同国家学校之间的区别是很有趣的事情。 点拨这是含有it 形式主
10、语的句子，真正的主语是to look at differences between schools in different countries。这种句子的结构是“It + is / was +形容词/名词+不定式”。这样，可以避免句子头重脚轻。其他的常见结构还有：It is/was+形容词/名词+动名词如：It is no good sleeping too much.It+is/was+形容词/名词+that从句如：It is unbelievable that he didnt pass the exam. 点击名题_ is a fact that English is being ac
11、cepted as an international language.（NMET 95） A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析答案D。that引导的定语从句是真正的主语,需要填的是形式上的主语。5. 课文原句What do you think the central part of the country is like? （Page 22）你认为这个国家的中部怎么样？点拨本句型是一种复杂的特殊疑问句。其结构是：特殊疑问词+ do you think + 陈述句，从语法角度讲，do you think 是插入语。无论疑问词在句中做什么成分，特殊疑问句都用陈述语序
12、。如： Where do most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? Do you think? Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? where在句子中做状语，“do most of the people live“要改为陈述语序。但是：Who is the best student in your class? Do you th
13、ink? Who do you think is the best student in your class? 因为who在句子中做主语，所以语序不必改变。知识拓展 1）适合以上句型的动词除think 外，还有believe, consider, suppose, imagine, guess 和suggest 等。如： What do you suppose has happened there? When do you guess I get up every morning? 2） 插入语结构是高考常考的句型结构，中学课本中出现的插入语结构还有： （1） 单词型插入语。如：howeve
14、r, luckily happily（for sb.）, personally, though等。如：Personally, I prefer to the red one. （2）短语型插入语。如：Strange to say, worse still, in other words, in ones opinion, in fact, of course, generally speaking, judging from.to make things worse等。如：Generally speaking, girls study harder than boys.（3）插入句。如：I t
15、hink, do you consider, that is to say, whats more等。如：You are wrong, and whats more, you are on purpose. （4）省略型插入语。如：if not better than点击名题 （1） John plays football _, if not better than, David. （NMET 1994） A. as well B. as well asC. so well D. so well as （2） _ you have seen both fighters, _ will win? （95上海） A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think答案B。if not better than 是插入语。 （2） D。since意为既然。6. 课本原句It then became possible for universities to use the system as we
