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1、本科英语毕业论文（设计）开题报告范例 oosal for A hesis I.Title: AStdyon t Diffeenes f opcs n Sjects n nglish dChnese . ntroductionChinese grmmar systm, in oe sense, isasicaly an imitatonof wesrn grammr systems. uwhe we put to pice , a Cneegrammarn hve fnd ha he ule of the wesernizd agugs d no hl wte. Theefore, anydis
2、ptes nd ctrveris av rsen,specially he frene of Topics nd Subject in nglish and Cine It i ecessa to combine h traditinal reseach on Cise grammar ith th oteoary stn theor o grmmar, so thatcnelp our Chinese gamar reeah join the manstream of inguisticsworldwid nd brin the to way togter-tryto fin te univ
3、ersal gamar.We believ tat, thepross in confority notalwysSt an plaan， ut the rsults re supped beneft China and the wodfially .IIature Revew Sject adtopcas tw asic oceptsi modern Linguistcs , tirelatnp cnsideed s the cral reserch proje an heatd toic in ingustics.， Subje is oriited fr hewester ramma s
4、sem Igeeraligistics, mychola re ryin to iea crt pt to subject. Acordingothe reserch on ll kids f agages arud te wl,Keenn(976)summerized he grammatcl,manic an teal fetrethat ubjects . Te ollowg ar cocusion Trask(13:66) ade fromal kind ofdocumes icling Keea(1976) (参见石毓智，02X):ubject i the oun rase that
5、 probblhas t mot promie feturei syntacticelatin in etne.Suct ha all is offeatue i grammar,ytatics ntet ，mainly cnsstino: 1 Sujtrresents nependntubsane; 2 bje restricts thc-erncen sentence, nluingponun, elexive pnounand nuanpho; 3 Subjct restritsthe grmt in vrb;4 Subject is he topi withno mark;5 bjc
6、can be qesned inerrogative pronoun,and alscn b foud. 6 Sbjec s usual la o mophogiclmarks7 ubec is ususlly coidered s the ao f unaked sructue. Hi onclusioa e more suitble t dscribe h caracer f estern anguages ConcrnigChinse, part of the descrtion fai to eflect th lngst fa inhinese. For eampe, Trask h
7、ought tht subects t tpicth nomark H nelcted opagmatic feature of topi .Because we can cofirm th t suct is equalo h tpc in a singlesentec. And he alsotughth ubjet is suslyconsier he cor unmak stucture, whichisnt crd ote act i ourChinse.s n Cinese,nt nly ator,but also paient, instrument, tmn an lao n
8、ac assubtietene. 2 ，In 202X, Siuzi tried o conludaoutthe subjcsactertes infrm i hese. socusn is s fllw : The formoteubjc canbe laced boh n subodinate claus andsenence. Sujet can be foced. Sbjectcan e questod interrgativepoou. And its semant characers ae: Subts heacto of ehavir t. Sujct s he mai body
9、 natur an state Shi toght htheman diference bwe subjectand topicsha subject is he igrdien f gammatical sttue whleopicelogso hediscors onep The former oe cn be t nto sntence an surdnalase; the lte ycanstayi senteceaspe.Bthis mthod todiigisubjt totopicseems o be itvaue. inChinse, here isa kind osenten
10、cein unuul orde,fr exmpe:“书小王看完了” n h opinion, that is atopc stctre or it can nt e plad n aclae.Bt in fct, itelngs to acasial ubect-preicae sntnce. “书” i eithr tesubjct, or th tpic. , nce Zao Yunren introdc topoc ito urram suy in Cese ， he sclarsin Chinse homeand broad kep going withreserch n topc .
11、Li a&Thompsn ae he rpenatves on isise.Thvee a sstaccntrac o ubject n topic. hysaid tha toic meanswti about i te senence whie subjct is whath e predictes; topc can no beindefine angneric ut sbject cn ;tpic have to aper at teont of a stence hilesbjt is allodto pea in hntence;ther alwys be a paus betwe
12、n topicwih tr parts of setene.Buin Chinese , i is nonecessar that he topcapperatthe onof sntnce.Fr exmpe: “老师,这件事让我来处理吧。” this setene, “这件事”is the toic ,but tdosnt pear te fnto a setee. 4 ,t eneralyaccepted tha subjectis a oept f syactcsrucue hile tpbeongto ragmais . utXu Liejiong & LiuDnqing(1998)didt .Inethesis,ey coder toi as ingredient ofyntacti strucures. Jutlik sject objc ，the topic alsohar sio in a ee. Asa deedn
