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1、第一课词汇： Concept概念, conception概念, conceive构想、理解 Isotope同位素, isomer同质异能素 element, atom, nucleus, nucleon element, elements, molecule, molecules, molecular atom, atoms, atomic, nucleusnju:klis，nu:klis原子核, nuclei, nuclear, nucleonnju:klin核子, nucleons, nucleonic核子的 particle, particles, fissile易裂变的, fissio
2、nable可以发生裂变的 fertile可裂变的，fertile materials增殖材料 fission, fusion, decay inner, innermost / outer, outermost chain reaction fragment碎片Expression： times A is ten times B.整理为word格式 varies inversely as E equals m times c squared. E = mc2 the n-th power of a: an result in / result from is accompanied by /
3、correspond to The discovery of fission was made in Germany in 1938 by Hahn. Be composed of 由组成 Binding energy 结合能 Discrete excited states 不连续的激发态 Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射 Ev：electron-volt Conservation of mass/energy 质量/能量守恒练习： 电子带负电，质子带正电。 Electron is negatively charged，proton is positively ch
4、arged。 在任何质量变化的反应中，质量的减少与能量的释放相伴，而质量的增加与能量的吸收相随。 In any reaction in which mass changes，a decrease of mass is accompanied by the release of energy，and an increase of mass corresponds to the absorption of energy。整理为word格式 电荷间的静电斥力与它们之间距离的平方成反比。 The force of electrostatic repulsion between like charges
5、 varies inversely as the square of their separation。 通常，原子核存在于能量为基态的平衡态或者说稳定的条件下。 Normally atomic nuclei exist in an equilibrium or stable condition known as their ground state of energy。 原子的质量并不等于组成它的粒子质量之和。 The mass of atom is not equal to the sum of the masses of its constituent particles。 E=mc2：
6、E is equal to m times c squared。 1u = 1.660410-27kg One u equals 1.6604 times 10 to minus 27 kg。第二课词汇： Qualitative定性的, quantitative定量的 matter exposed to beta particles暴露在粒子中的物质 in addition to .除了整理为word格式 in competition with与什么竞争 present no shielding problem不产生防护问题 cross section截面 special theory of
7、relativity狭义相对论 potential scattering势散射 principle原则、主义, principal首要的、主要的 compound nucleus formation复合核的产生 (deformation 变形) ionization 电离 irradiate 辐照 spectrum of energies 能谱 transition 转换 transmit 传输，传导 练习： 有一种辐射叫做韧致辐射。 There is a kind of radiation called bremsstrahlung。 除了X射线辐射以外，有一种辐射叫做韧致辐射。 In ad
8、dition to the X-rays，there is another radiation called bremsstrahlung。 除了由电子变换轨道引起的X射线辐射以外，还有一种类似的辐射叫做韧致辐射。 In addition to the X-rays due to the transitions in the electronic orbits，a similar radiation called bremsstrahlung produced。整理为word格式 光子与物质的相互作用 Gamma ray interactions with matter。 光电效应，康普顿散射
9、，电子对效应。 Photoelectric Effect，Photon-electron Scattering(Compton Effect)，Electron-Positron Pair production 光子与物质的相互作用包括光电效应，康普顿散射和电子对效应。 The interactions between Gamma ray and matter include Photoelectric Effect、Compton Effect and pair production。 与结合能相比， In comparison with the energy of binding of t
10、he structure 入射能量越高，其作用效果就越明显。 The higher is the energy of projectile，the greater is the effect。 与结合能相比，入射能量越高，其作用效果就越明显。 The higher the projectile energy in comparison with the energy of binding of the structure，the greater is the effect。整理为word格式 Gamma辐射有着比beta粒子要强得多的穿透力从而存在着严重的防护问题。 Gamma radiati
11、on has a much greater penetration power in matter than beta particles，and consequently(因此) presents a serious shielding problem。第三课词汇： to illustrate为了说明 counterpart配对物 rest energy / inherent energy静止能量 special relativity狭义相对论 linear momentum / angular momentum 线动量/角动量 magnitude大小、数量、量级 / direction方向
12、、趋势 recoil反作用、弹回 as sketched in Fig.3.3如图3.3所示 diminish in strength with distance强度随着距离减小 is proportional to成比例的 vary inversely as 与成反比 elastic scattering弹性散射/ inelastic scattering非弹性散射 in contrast with.和形成对比整理为word格式 penetrate 穿透 kinetic energy 动能 moderator 慢化剂 an array of 一排、一群、一批 account for 考虑练习
13、： 和带电粒子相比，中子作为电中性的粒子，不需要很高的能量就能穿透原子核。 in contrast with charged particles, neutrons as neutral particles need not have high energy to penetrate the nucleus. 严格地讲，我们必须考虑所有的狭义相对论效应，包括粒子速度引起的质量增加。 Strictly speaking, we should account for all effects of special relativity, including mass increase with pa
14、rticle speed. 让我们通过一些计算来说明这些观点。 Let us illustrate these ideas by some calculations. 当中子减速到和慢化剂原子的热振动相当的能量区域时，它们会在碰撞中失去或者获得能量。 As neutrons slow into energy region that is comparable to the thermal agitation of the moderator atoms, they may either lose or gain energy on collision.整理为word格式第四课词汇： Melt熔
15、化, freeze冻结, volatilize挥发, boil沸腾, sublimate升华, solidify凝固 in one form or another 各种形式的 in excess of超过 disperse分散，传播 impurity不纯，杂质 aluminium铝 magnesium镁 zirconium锆 beryllium铍 stainless steel不锈钢 uranium 铀 ； uranium dioxide 二氧化铀 ； plutonium 钚 helium 氦 compensate 补偿 adequate 充分的 thermodynamic 热力学的 eliminate from排除整理为word格式 buildup
