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1、 Lesson 19 English Social Differences 英国社会的差异笔记-第A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, eveneccentricities, but must not practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He should have relatives
2、in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman”s ability to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers ”sport ”
3、.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends
4、 anadequately to technological development. Disbelieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world, he ispassionately devoted to excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability and relyi
5、ng upon a mystic entity called ”character,” which means, in a gentleman”s mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself. His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is incapable of that imaginat
6、ive realismwhich admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare. New words and expressions 生词短语 professional n. 职业的 hobby n.
7、 业余爱好cast a fly 垂钓govern vt. 治理grave a. 严峻的inadequately ad. 不充分地devoted a. 热心的incurable a. 不行救药的discount vt. 看轻entity n. 存在，本质quality n. 品质realm n. 王国privilege n. 特权cultivate vt. 培育eccentricity n. 怪癖diplomatic service 外交部门adequacy n. 适当sufficiently ad. 充分地disbelieve vt. 不信任excessive a. 过分的neotism n.
8、 裙带关系mystic a. 神奇的narrowness n. 狭隘estate n. 社会阶层realism n. 现实主义adjust vt. 使适应relevant a. 有关的difference n. 差异 1.professional n. 职业的 通常略写为 prof 反amateur 辨异profession, occupation, jobprofession “专业”，强调 highly skilled/highly educated, such as lawyer, doctor, IT engineer,architectoccupation: normal and g
9、eneral, everybody can have an occupation.job 不仅指工作，还可以表示干活，例如家务活。You did a good job.留意technical/vocational school 职业学校2.cultivate vt. 培育 同nurture, develop, fostercultivate a hobby/habitHe is well cultivated/educated/bred/trained. 他很有教养。3.hobby n. 业余爱好辨异mania, hobby, pastime, diversionmania 颠狂，狂热，癖好
10、hobby n. 业余爱好pastime 消遣diversion 消遣，指转移留意力，换换脑筋。4.eccentricity n. 怪癖 同oddeccentric 奇怪的，怪癖的concentric 同轴的，同心的辨异eccentric, outlandish, grotesqueeccentric 奇怪的，怪癖的outlandish 异国风味的,奇异的,奇怪的outlandish clothes 奇装异服grotesque 怪诞的，艺术、美术、文学中的怪异派、怪异的作品5.cast a fly 垂钓同go fishing, on the Fishing trip(闲适垂钓)cast a n
11、et 撒网，为了生存捕鱼6.diplomatic service 外交部门airline service 航空公司travel service/agency 旅行社diplomacy 外交 diplomat 外交官He is a diplomat. 他是一个左右逢源的人。He is a philosopher.他是一个夸夸其谈的人。7.govern vt. 治理government/governing body 政府governor 州长governess 女家教benevolent government 仁政8.adequacy n. 适当 同sufficient 反inadequateHe
12、 often doubts his adequacy as a father.=He often doubts whether he is adequate as a father.他经常疑心他是不是够格做父亲。辨异deficient, sparse, meagerdeficient 没有足够的，缺乏的sparse 稀有meager 贫乏的,不充分的,缺乏的The food is meager for winter.9.grave a. 严峻的同solemn, serious, severe have one foot in the grave来日不多了grave situation 严峻的形
13、势 gravity 地球引力，严峻10.disbelieve vt. 不信任dis- 多做动词的反义词disappear 消逝disbelieve 不信任11.devoted a. 热心的同committed, dedicateddevote v.devote oneself to sthbe devoted to sth留意to 后面肯定要用名词或动名词He devoted himself to researches.He is devoted to researches. 他致力于讨论。She is devoted to her children.她太溺爱孩子了。这里，devoted 相当
14、于 spoil, pamper 12.excessive a. 过分的 同immoderate 反moderateExcessive studying bores/tires me.过多的学习使我厌倦/疲乏不堪。Excessive smoking harms/does harm to thehealth.过度吸烟有害安康。Excessive smoking is dangerous.extreme 极端的13.incurable a. 不行救药的cure 治疗cure sb 为某人治病cure sb of 治某人的病curable 可治疗的to breathe ones last 奄奄一息He
15、 is beyond cure/remedy.他不行了/不行救了。引申为他不行救药了。=He is rotten to thecore.People heat him to death.人们都恨死他了。Im hungry to death.我都快饿死了。留意不能说成 I starve to death.14.neotism n. 裙带关系It means giving of favors to hisrelatives/relations by a person/man in the highposition or promoting the people closest tohimbackdoor “后门”15.discount vt. 看轻count 数I count on him. 我看重/器重他。discount 打折 以物做宾语I discount what he sales.contempt/belittle/look down on 以人做宾语16.mysti
