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1、虚拟语气一、概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。二、在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句: 主将从现 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 2.非真实条件句条件从句(if)的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去式 (be-were)would / could / might / should +V.原形与过去事实相反过去完成式had +donewould /could / m
2、ight / should have done与将来事实相反一般过去式 should + V.原形were to dowould / could / might / should V.原形a. If they were here, they would help you. If she had time, she would go with you.b. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.C. If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succe
3、ed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 三、混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4、四、.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。1）Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.2）Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.3）Should it rain, the crops would be s
5、aved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.五、特殊的虚拟语气词：should1) 在主语从句中的应用 It is insisted/ ordered/command/ suggested /advised/ proposedrequired/demanded/requested/asked that+ (should) doIt is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week It is important /necessary/ natural/strange that+ (s
6、hould) doIt is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrowIt is a pity/ a shame/no wonder that+ (should) doIt is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。2）在宾语从句中的应用：在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command三个建议：suggest, advise, propose 四个要求：demand, require, ask,
7、 desireThe examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求学生不要使用计算器。The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。注意：动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。1）suggest
8、作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。2）insist作“坚决要求，坚持要某人做某事时”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to their health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。（强调）He
9、insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next w
10、eek. 现在：过去时（were) I wish I were a bird. I wish I knew the answer. 过去：过去完成时 I wish she had taken my advice.未来：would/could/might+V. I wish you would stay an hour longer 六、虚拟语气特殊句型： 1.wish 的宾语从句 2. If only ”要是就好了” 意思等同wishIf only we knew where to look for him. 如果我们知道上哪里找找他就好了。If only the alarm clock ha
11、d rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only it would stop raining this afternoon. 但愿下午雨能停。现在：过去时（were) She loves the students as if / though they were her own children 过去：过去完成时 It seems as if he had met her before.未来：would/could/might+V. It looks as if he would not marry her.3. as if /though + Clause现在/未来：过去时 I would
12、 rather she set out to do the work now. I would rather she paid me the money tomorrow. 过去：过去完成时 I would rather you hadnt told him the news that day.4. Would rather that5.Its (about/high) time +that -用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the chil
13、dren should go to bed.6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for“要不是” Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.十、带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his
14、office. 即使生了病，他都去办公室。Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, too. 即使他在这里，他也不能立即解决这个问题。（事实上他没有在这里。） Even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us.即使当时她很忙，她还是会帮助我们的。（事实上她当时并不十分忙，故帮助了我们）。十一、情态动词+havedone(一) 表示虚拟1. could+ have done 表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以（可能） ”。如：You co
15、uld have done better, but you didnt try your best.2. should/ought to + have done 表示“本该做某事而没做” You failed again. You should have done it much better.shouldnt/ ought not to + have done”表示“本不该做的事情却做了”。 You should not climbed that hill. You might have killed yourself.3. would rather +have done 意为“当时宁愿做了某事”。 would rather not have done 表示“当时宁愿没做了某事”，两者都有“后悔”之意。如：a. I raised objections at the
