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1、自行车用铝合金有关知识 全部内容来自网络铝合金是纯铝中加入Mg，Zn，Si，Cu等金属的合金。铝本身具有轻量、可塑性好、耐腐蚀等优点， 加入其他金属后显著提高了机械性能。自行车所使用的铝合金多数为6000系（Al-Mg-Si）和7000系（Al-Zn-Mg-Cu)两种，经过热处理 (铝耐高温，在高温下能改变性质)可以制成名种各样的材料。 6000系被认为是耐腐蚀、强度好、焊接性也好的材料。7000系是铝合金中最强的材料。尤其是7075是特超硬铝(制造飞机的材料)，但是它的焊接难度 大，耐腐蚀性差(会发白)等。铝的比重轻但不够硬，为了增强强度把它制成合金并施予热处理。热处理采用时效析出增强法，简
2、单地说，在金属内形成一种妨碍金属变形的物质。在某种高温下进行热处理时，会引起时效析出，若没有经过这个程序的车架，也会引起常温时效。就是说把车架放置在房间内也会逐渐变强。 许多铝合金制车架用6061T6材料来制造。T6标志表示经过热处理、时效。若没有热处理的话强度只能达到1/2，或者1/5的程度，通过热处理其强度可以增加5倍。 7005合金常用来制造车架，它的强度比不上7075，但是它在常温下也能够进行足够的时效的材料http:/ ：纯铝2xxx ：Al-Gu 系合金3xxx ：Al-Mn 系合金4xxx ：Al-Si 系合金5xxx ：Al-Mg 系合金6xxx ：Al-Mg-Si 系合金7x
3、xx ：Al-Zn-Mg 系合金8xxx ：上记以外的合金第二数字（百位）以0-9分别代表，0是代表基本合金，1-9代表各种改良合金或是再生合金纯铝时0 表示对于不纯物并无特别限制而1-9 则表示一种以上的不纯物有特别规定。第三、四数字（十、个）纯铝时以纯度之小数点后二位表示合金则以日美铝规格称呼表示质 别F 制造原状之材质O 作过退火、再结晶(只对展伸材料)之材质H加工硬化之材质(H后加2位数字) 第1 位数字H1x 只作加工硬化之材质H2x 加工硬化后，做部分退火之材质H3x 加工硬化后，作安定化处理之材质第2 位数字（表示加工硬化之最终程度）Hx9 超硬质Hx8 硬质Hx6 3/4硬质（
4、这材质之引张强度是在硬质与1/2 硬质之中间）Hx4 1/2硬质（这材质之引张强度是在硬质与软质之中间）Hx2 1/4硬质（1/2硬质与软质之中间）W T受F.O.H以外之热处理之安定材质T2 退火之材质(只用于铸件) T3 淬火处理后，受加工硬化之材质T4 淬火处理后，常温时效完了之材质T5 省去淬火处理，只作回火处理之材质T6 淬火处理后，作退火处理之材质7005 versus 6061 Aluminum You may have noticed that there are two types of aluminum listed in the specs for aluminum bi
5、kes; 7005 or 6061. Which is the stronger material? Your first answer may be 6061 because you see it on the more expensive bikes. 7005 aluminum is actually the stronger aluminum alloy. This begs the next question, which is the better material? 6061 is of course, or at least that is the opinion of mos
6、t bike manufacturers. Why is it better? To see the differences one must take a look at the two materials and their properties. In the table below several different aluminum alloys are listed for comparison; 2014, 6061, and 7005. AlloyTrace MetalsTensile StrengthYield StrengthPercent ElongationHBNote
7、s20144.5% Copper 0.8% Silicon 0.8% Manganese 0.5% Magnesium 27,000 psi14,000 psi18%452XXX series aluminum is primarily alloyed with copper.2014-T64.5% Copper 0.8% Silicon 0.8% Manganese 0.5% Magnesium 70,000 psi60,000 psi13%1352XXX series aluminum is primarily alloyed with copper.60611% Magnesium 0.
8、6% Silicon 0.2% Chromium 0.3% Copper 18,000 psi8,000 psi25%306XXX series aluminum is primarily alloyed with magnesium and silicon.6061-T61% Magnesium 0.6% Silicon 0.2% Chromium 0.3% Copper 45,000 psi40,000 psi12%956XXX series aluminum is primarily alloyed with magnesium and silicon.7005-T64.5% Zinc
9、1.4% Magnesium 0.45% Manganese 0.13% Chromium 51,000 psi42,000 psi13%NA7XXX series aluminum is primarily alloyed with zinc.The tensile strength of the material is the amount of stress that it can take before complete failure, and the yield strength is the amount of stress before the material is perm
10、anently deformed (try jumping on an old frame until you bend it and you have exceeded the yield strength of the material). Percent elongation is the amount of deformation that the material undergoes before it breaks and the HB is a measure of the hardness. It should be noted that the T6 listed after
11、 the alloy is the heat treatment of the alloy. T6 refers to a solution treatment and artificial aging of the metal. All bike frames are heat treated even if the manufacturer does not list the T6 behind the grade of aluminum.From the chart you can see that 7005-T6 is slightly stronger than 6061-T6, b
12、ut stronger than both of them is 2014-T6 and in fact there is another 7XXX series aluminum (7075) that is stronger as well. Why choose 7005 and 6061 then? Bike frames are not made out of solid aluminum, which is how the test samples for comparing material strengths are constructed. A bike frame is m
13、ade up of tubing that is welded together: welding 7075 and 2014 are almost impossible feats that eliminate them as viable choices for making a bike. That leaves 7005 (a zinc alloy) and 6061 (a magnesium/silicon alloy). The difference between the two is that 7005, because of its high alloy content (o
14、ver 6%), is harder to manipulate the material and to weld it. This means that with 6061 it is much easier to add strength adding tubing features like triple butting, ovalized tubing, and tapered walls that reduce the weight and improve the strength of the tubing.A final note to put this into perspec
15、tive is to compare aluminum to the other frame materials. Aluminum is far weaker than both titanium and cro-mo steel, so why use it? Aluminums greatest advantage is that it is so light when compared to cro-mo steel and cheap when compared to titanium. This combination of features makes it the choice of material for making light, high-performance frames for a reasonable price.把重点挑出来：1 目前铝合金车架普遍使用的材料是7005与6061两种。2 7000系列主要以锌为
