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1、备战2010高考：阅读表达解题指导【考纲展现】该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。【真题评析】（2009.天津卷原创解析）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, pu
2、sh the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had
3、to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning o
4、f that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think th
5、is arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were sh
6、opping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, cust
7、omers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart
8、.1. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words）【答案】 shopping carts【解析】词义猜测题。由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。2. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words）【答案】It was to make shopping
9、 easier and attract more business.【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）【答案】Because few customers used his carts.【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around hi
10、s market? （No more than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词-persuade people to give them a try.可知。5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it
11、accepted by customers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。【专题预测】此题型与阅读理解相比，既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：1. 阅读理解题目的题型是客观的，而阅读表达的题型则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解
12、只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解了，就能作对题目，而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。 2. 阅读理解的文章难度较大，片幅较长，生词较多；阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。3. 在于阅读理解中的题型是选择题，问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大，所供选择的答案只有一项是正确的；但在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下：问题类型常见问题主旨概括Whats the best titl
13、e of the passage? What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换Please find out th
14、e sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封闭性问题Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题What would you do if you ? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you?其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题
15、目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。【专题技巧】1、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概括中心思想，考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，标题要简洁,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全，可
16、以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，尤其要注意文章的首段的首末句，这里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，其中主要看题目的第2、3、5小题，抓住重点考查信息，再在此基础上搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，确定文章标题或者文章的main idea，把握语篇实质。 2、同义句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase”。此类型比较简单，只要对句子的意义进行正确的理解，弄透所给句子的意思，然后根据语句中的关键词，迅速找出在文中相对应的意义相同的句子即可。另外还应注意这种替换中数字表达形式的变化，与主动句与被动句的边化。需要注意的是：考生在
