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1、英语复习课-过去完成时过关(past perfect)过去完成时，表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+been+过去分词基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于
2、过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus final
3、ly came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied
4、 my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her w
5、ell. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉
6、。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 例如： They had wanted to help
7、but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had h
8、e arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 时间状语 before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan，yet，already等。. 单项选择1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been
9、D. where had I gone 2. What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _A_lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has,
10、a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _A_ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _D_ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _B_ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidde
11、n, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _D_.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _C_ the end of last year.A. for B.
12、in C. by D. at 10. He _B_ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _D_ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _C_ in the factory for three years before he jo
13、ined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _D_ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _D_ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4
14、, he _A_ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _D_ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _C_ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_C_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D.
