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1、英语语法 倒装 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做“倒装“倒装的种类：部分倒装- 助动词情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词全部倒装- 谓语+主语一倒装句的意义1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。e.g. May I come in?Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.So ear
2、ly did he come to school that no other students came.二. 在特殊句型中：1.在疑问句中:eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer?2.在感叹句中：eg: How happy they are! What fun it is!3.在虚拟条件句中：eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=Had I known it earlier, I wouldnt have lent him the money.Long live peace!
3、May our friendship be everlasting!4.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时；eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.“You,” said his father, “do the housework.” 三、部分倒装就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I kno
4、w what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。1.Only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no so
5、oner (than), hardly (when), rarely, scarcely, in no way We seldom get up at four in the morning.= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.(1)hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done wh
6、en did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.(2)not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he
7、 had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.2I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy! A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D
8、. had I felt3Not until I began to work _how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 4No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun(三).在sothat, suchthat句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放
9、在句首时So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.5So difficult _it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well. A. Ive felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。If I were you, I would take the job. = Were
10、 I you, I would take the job.6_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will（五）.so用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构(有时也用as替代)；若表示另一主语“也不”时，用“NorNeither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；eg: She has been to Heifei. So have we.It is cold
11、today. So it is.(TF?)She wont accept that invitation. NeitherNor will he.注意：（1）“So + 主语 + be(have,助动词或情态动词)”表示对前面所说的话加以肯定，译为“的确如此”；（2）若前面所说的既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致，用“It is the same with + 主语”或“So it is with + 主语”；eg: He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with his sister.She is a teacher
12、and she enjoys teaching. So it is with him.7.-I dont think I can walk any further. -_, lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I dont think so D. I think so(六)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高级前不用冠
13、词)Child as he is, he knows a lot.(单数名词前不用a)Fail as I did, I would try again.(动词提前，助动词留在原位)Hard as he tried, he couldnt pass the exam.(副词提前)Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.8_, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now
14、 that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much七).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。9_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late
15、he is二、全部倒装就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。There goes the bell. Look! Here they come. 这种倒装要求主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is. Away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys.(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, wal
