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1、 1: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic and mainly contribute to the formation of photochemical smog with a consequent remarkable impact to the air quality.翻译：挥发性有机物是有毒的，而且会造成光化学烟雾的形成，从而对空气质量造成很大的影响。分析: 该句子虽然结构复杂，但是内容非常紧凑，用少量的单词表达了很具体的意思，值得学习。 其中and为连词，连接前后的并列句。Volatile organic compounds (VO
2、Cs)为主语，前半句Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic为主系表结构，后半句谓语动词为contribute这个词用的非常好，用动词表现出了形容词的意思，适合科技论文的写法，with a consequent remarkable impact是with结构 做定语修饰photochemical smog，to the air quality也是定语结构修饰photochemical smog。2：Pt and Pd over alumina were found both highly active for the oxidation of b
3、enzene and butanol, while ethyl acetate was more difcultly oxidized.翻译：氧化铝负载的铅和铂对氧化苯和丁醇均有很高活性，但是乙酸乙酯更难被氧化。分析：该句使用了while做连词，而且主句使用了were found的结构，由于科技论文不以人为主语，所以这种用法在科技论文中非常常见，值得学习记住。Pt and Pd是主语，were found是谓语，highly active for the oxidation of benzene and butanol均是主语补足语，这个用法非常的好。while ethyl acetate w
4、as more difcultly oxidized则是转折状语从句。3：Moreover, it is worth to mention that recently metallic structured short-channel CrAl steel substrates of various geometries have been proposed as an alternative to ceramic monolith for VOCs combustion.翻译：另外，值得注意的是最近许多各种几何结构的短道金属互化物被认为可以用来代替陶瓷材料催化燃烧挥发性有机物。分析：该句是典
5、型的形式主语加同谓语从句，是必须要学会的用法。It 是形式主语，to mention是真正的主语， metallic structured short-channel CrAl steel substrates of various geometries have been proposed as an alternative to ceramic monolith for VOCs combustion则是同谓语从句。as an alternative to ceramic monolith for VOCs combustion是状语成分，修饰谓语动词proposed。4：An impor
6、tant aspect concerning the oxidation of VOC overnoble metal catalysts is that the reaction is generally recognizedto be structure sensitive.翻译：有关用惰性金属催化剂氧化挥发性有机物的一个重要特点是，该反应一般被认为和催化剂结构紧密相关。分析：该句子是一个复杂结构的主语从句，将负责的主语放在句末，便于理解，是很好的写法。句中the reaction is generally recognizedto be structure sensitive是整个句子真
7、正的主句，to be structure sensitive是不定式做主语补足语修饰分句中的主语reaction，concerning the oxidation of VOC over noble metal catalysts整个结构是现在分词作定语修饰aspect，而在现在分词结构中，of VOC和over noble metal catalysts分别作定语修饰oxidation。5： Because of their harmful properties and due to the progressiveincrease of VOCs emissions, the release
8、 of VOCs into the environment is being controlled by increasingly stringent regulation.翻译：由于挥发性有机物的有害性质和它挥发量的不断增长，降低进行环境中的挥发性有机物已经急迫的需要用法规来进行控制。分析：该句最大的特点就是使用大量的介词短语和利用and并列了两个表示原因的介词结构的短语，分别是Because of their harmful properties，due to the progressive increase of VOCs emissions，这两个介词结构分别作原因状语，修饰后面的主句
9、。在主句中的其主语为the release，其后使用一系列的结构来修饰，扩展句子的意思。Of VOCs介词结构做定语修饰the release，into the environment介词结构做定语修饰VOCs。being controlled是谓语动词，用的非常好，表现出了控制的紧迫性。by increasingly stringent regulation则是介词结构做状语。6：Membrane fouling may be the main obstacle for wider implementation of ultratration, which usually causes hi
10、gher costs of energy, operation, and maintenance.翻译：会导致更高能源，操作，维护费用的膜污染是大规模应用超滤技术的最大障碍。分析：本句使用了定语从句结构，这是科技论文写作必须掌握的方法。Membrane fouling是主语，may be是谓语，main obstacle是宾语，for wider implementation of ultratration是宾语补足语。which usually causes higher costs of energy, operation, and maintenance是定语从句修饰主语。在从句中of
11、energy, operation, and maintenance是定语修饰costs。7：It is named membrane fouling which is the most limiting factor for wider application of ultraltration.翻译：对超滤技术大规模应用限制最大的正式所谓的膜污染。分析：该句使用定语的结构，非常常见，但是必须掌握。which is the most limiting factor for wider application of ultraltration是定语从句修饰it。 for wider applic
12、ation是宾语补足语修饰factor，of ultraltration作定语修饰application。8：Though the ultraltration grew fast during the past twenty years, the membrane fouling problem is always the critical issue which inhibits its wider application for drinking water production.翻译：尽管超滤技术在过去20年发展迅速，但是膜污染依旧是限制其广泛应用与生产饮用水最主要的困难。分析：该句话使
13、用了让步状语从句和定语从句，grew这个词用的很好，需要学会。the ultraltration是从句的主语，during the past twenty years是状语修饰grew。he membrane fouling problem是主句的主语，which inhibits its wider application for drinking water production是定语从句修饰issue。9：It is that during the whole coagulation process, there must be a proper time, from initiatin
14、g coagulation to ending sedimentation, to form a kind of special ocs to minimize UF fouling.翻译：在整个凝结过程中，从最开始的混凝到最终的沉淀之间肯定存在一个一段时间，会形成特殊的絮体来最小化膜污染。分析：该句使用了宾语从句，需要注意it在这不是形式主语。during the whole coagulation process是状语修饰谓语动词，there must be a proper time, from initiating coagulation to ending sedimentation
15、, to form a kind of special ocs to minimize UF fouling都是宾语从句。在从句中，from initiating coagulation to ending sedimentation和to form a kind of special ocs to minimize UF fouling分别是介宾结构表示范围状语，和不定式表示目的状语。10：During recent decades, reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the surfac
16、e water, which has an adverse affect on drinking water purication.翻译：最近几十年，世界范围内的研究报告显示，地表水的色度和有机物含量持续增加，这会对饮用水的净化产生不利的影响。分析：这个句子使用了非限制性定语从句，在一个句子中完整的表达了许多的意思，是科技论文常用的写作手法。该句主句为reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the surface water，其中reports为主语，a continuing increase为宾语，show是谓语动词，in the color and NOM of the surface water是介词结构做定语修饰increase。During recent deca
