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1、英文文献引用规范1、文献引证参考文献引用的规范按（the American Psychological Association）规范，本节提供部分实例，供参考。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。1.1正文中的引证学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处，注明出处时应该使用括号夹注的方法，一般不使用脚注或者尾注。 聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。引用整篇文献的观点引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况，一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如：Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but
2、 in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，如：Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990).酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现，如：In a 1990
3、article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration forwriting. 彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如：(Zhang, 2005)引用文献中具体观点或文字引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。例如 : 謀荞抟
4、箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。Emily Bronte“ expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationshps,whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988,厦礴p恳.蹒11)骈時.盡继價骚。1Newmark (1988, pp. 39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritati
5、ve statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions)茕桢.广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。注意在这些例子中引文超过一页时的页码标记方法：(1988, pp. 39-40)。假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则
6、不需要在括号夹注中重复， 如：Taylor writes that Emily Bronte“ expressed increasing hostility for the world ofhuman relationships, whether sexual or social”鹅(1988,娅尽損鹌惨p歷.茏11)鴛賴.。引用多位作者写作的同一文献两位作者 :Research (Yamada & Matsuura, 1982) reports the poor performance of advanced English learners who could use English ar
7、ticles correctly only in 70 percent of the cases籟.丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。三至五位作者 :第一次引用：According to educational psychologists, raising children is a responsibility of the entire community (Franklin, Childs, & Smith, 1995). 預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。以后的引用：To be successful,“ communities must be willing to take this responsibilit
8、y”(Franklin et al., 1995, p. 135).渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。五位以上的作者：Patterns of byzantine intrigue have long plagued the internal politics of community college administration in Texas (Douglas et al., 2003) 铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。引用同样姓氏的不同作者假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母，如：2Well-established SLA researchers (e.g., R. E
9、llis, 2002) seem rather skeptical of the assertion that repetition alone explains the development of the knowledge of a second language (N. Ellis, 2002). 擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多，应在括号夹注中使用他们名字的首字母加以区分，如：(W.Y. Wang, 2003)(L.F. Wang, 2003, p. 213)引用团体作者（ corporate author）引用团体作者的作品，括号夹注中应使用团体的名称，
10、如：Retired officers retain access to all of the universitys educational and recreational facilities (Columbia University, 1987, p. 54). 贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。引用无作者文献引用无作者文献，如果文献标题没有出现在正文里，则括号夹注中应使用该标题或者（如果标题过长的话）使用该标题中的关键词组，如：坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。( “ Mad Cow,” 2001)或者 (Sleep Medicine, 2001)在使用关键词组时应该选择标题开始部分的词组。在 APA的规范中
11、，独立出版物的标题或者标题中的关键词组用斜体标出，出版物内含的作品的名称以及未出版的作品（讲演、论文等）的标题或者标题中的关键词组用引号标出。 蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。引用书信、谈话中的观点或文字书信和谈话（含电子邮件、访谈、电话等）无法在正文后面的参考文献中列出，但应该在正文中使用括号夹注的方法注明出处。例如：買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。Mira Ariel (e-mail, April 17, 2004) confirmed that accessibility marking played a crucial role in discourse organization. 綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。
12、Researchers may observe that Chinese English majors with no overseas experienceoften have a better command of English than American foreign language majorswith no overseas experience have of the language they study (Eugene Nida, personalcommunication, November 8, 1986).驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。3引用同一作者的多篇文献按 APA规范
13、，同一作者的不同文献可用出版年份来区别，如：(Zhang, 1997)(Zhang, 1999)(Zhang, 2004)括号夹注还可以表示同一作者的多篇文献，文献按发表次序排列，如：(Zhang, 1997, 1999, 2004)同一年份发表的文献应对年份另加字母，以示区别（正文后参考文献著录中相应的条目里的年份应加同样的字母） ，如：猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。(Bloom, 2003a, 2003b)同时引用不同作者的多篇文献括号夹注可以包括不同作者的多篇文献，文献按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列（注意分号的使用），如：Distance from health care providers, lac
14、k of transportation, lack of health care providers, lack of information about the disease and various treatment options, poverty and social isolation due to geography are all factors which affect treatment decisions of rural clients (Brown, 2001; Sullivan, Weinert & Fulton, 1993; Weinert & Burman, 1994).锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。引用非直接文献（ indirect source）论文应尽可能避免使用非直接文献（即二级文献secondary source ），但在无法找到直接文献（即一级文献primary source ）的情况下，引文可以从非直接文献中析出，例如： 構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。Grayson (as cited in Murzynski & Degelman, 1996, p. 135) identified four components of body language that were
