《作用分词在句子中具有形容词(表语、定语、补语) 和副词(状语)的功能.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《作用分词在句子中具有形容词(表语、定语、补语) 和副词(状语)的功能.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、作用:分词在句子中具有形容词(表语、定语、补语) 和副词（状语）的功能。形式：现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词 (及物动词vt. 和不及物动词vi. ,以 do 和go 为例) 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 一般式 going 无 完成式 having gone 无 A:分词的否定式分词的否定式由“not + 分词”构成Not daring to speak , they say there silent . He escaped , not being seen by anyone . Not ha
2、ving found the wallet , he dared not go home .B:分词的时间意义现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。One day he saw a boy playing on the playground . Seeing nobody there , he turned off the lights . = When he saw nobody there , he turned.They came in talking and laughing .他们谈着，笑着进来了。现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
3、Having cleaned the desks , we began reading . = When we had cleaned the desks, we began.Having been beaten by his parents , he studies very hard now . 现在分词表示的动作正在进行 Youd better make tea with boiling water . China is a developing country . We should get used to the changing world . C.现在分词的语态意义现在分词表示主
4、动意义They are talking about the exciting news . He found the girl covering her face with her hands . The teacher came into the classroom following the students. 被动语态现在分词（必须是及物动词）也表示被动意义The building being built will be our school library . Having been invited by the students , he gave them a talk on hi
5、story . 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只有完成意义In autumn , fallen leaves can be seen everywhere . ( .leaves which has fallen ) They look up at the risen sun . (.the sun which has risen ) D.现在分词的作用1.作定语：分词或分词词组作定语相当于一个相当于主动语态的定语从句. 单个分词作定语放在被修饰词前；分词词组作定语放在被修饰词后.The man coming from Beijing is a policeman . = The man
6、who comes from Beijing is a policeman. The worker retiring last week is a model worker.= The worker who retired last week is a model worker. Tell the children playing there not to make such noise= Tell the children who are playing there not to make such noise . If I correct someone, I will do it wit
7、h as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one being corrected . 如果我去更正别人的看法，我会尽可能用幽默和自我克制的态度去做，就象是我被别人更正一样They lived in a room facing the south= They lived in a room which faces the south . We can see the rising sun我们可以看到东升的旭日= We can see the sun which is rising .注意：a. 表示情感的一些动词如：surp
8、rise , astonish, amuse, excite , disappoint, puzzle, move , interest, worry, satisfy , touch , encourage ,confuse 混淆and so on ,用现在分词表示“令人. “ The news is very surprising.At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。b. 分词动作和谓语动词在时间上有先后，一般不能用-i
9、ng 形式。Do you know anyone who has lost a cat? 不能说成*Do you know anyone losing a cat?I want to talk to the person who broke that cup.不能说成I want to talk to the person breaking that cup.c.想要表达“非进行时”的意思，就得用定语从句，而不能用-ing 形式。The boy who brings the milk has been ill. (送牛奶的那个男孩子病倒了。) 就不能说成The boy bringing mil
10、k has been ill.d. being在形容词短语里作定语，只能表示被动进行。如：Did you see that boy being questioned by the police?你看到那个正在受警察盘问的男孩了吗？但是句子Anybody who is outside after ten oclock will be arrested. 就不能说成*Anybody being outside (原因同上)2.表语The story is very touching感人的 . Landing on the moon is exciting . The story is moving
11、.His hobby is collecting stamps.The situation in our country is encouraging.我国的形势鼓舞人心。3.现在分词作状语现在分词说明动词或整个句子所表达的概念，这时它的作用和副词短语相似。分词做状语时，可以表示原因、让步、条件、时间、方式、进一步说明或伴随情况。在使用分词结构做状语时，要注意以下两种情况：1） 分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致，如果无法保持一致，这时就要使用独立主格结构。2） with +名词（或代词宾格）+分词（短语）做状语，表示一种伴随的情况。a.作伴随动作，进一步说明，方式及结果 He left of
12、f driving a car.(伴随)She begged him not to drink too much, reminding提醒 him that hed have to drive home.(进一步说明）The boy sat in front of the farm-house cutting the branch . （伴随）The child fell striking his head against the door . (结果) They sat under the big tree, chatting. （伴随）Her husband died in 1990,le
13、aving her with two children.b.表示方式He came running back to tell me the news .She went up smiling with a new dress . He placed his gun in the hole, pointing outward.c.表示原因(相当于一个原因状语从句)Believing the earth to be flat扁的, many feared that Columbus would fall of the edge of the earth.(Because they believed
14、 the earth to be flat .)Not knowing what to do, the woman telephoned the police. (=As she didnt know what to do .)Being League members , we are ready to help others. ( Since we are league members ,.)Not having received an answer ,he decided to write another letter to him.=(As he had not received an
15、answer,)Being ill , Mr Li didnt go to school . (Because he was ill , Mr Li didnt go to school .)Having been watched all the time he must be a spy.= Because he has been watched all the time, he must be a spy.There being a lot of water on the floor we couldnt go out.= Since there was a lot of water on the floor, we couldnt go out.注意：许多静态动词如:feel, live, know, realize, be, have，wish作谓语动词时，很少用在进行时态里，但这些词的-ing形式可以用在-ing短语里，常表达“理由”或“原因”的含义。Being unable to help in any other way, I gave her some money. (Because I was unable to)Feeling rather tired, I telephoned and said I couldnt come. (S
