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1、动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：实义（行为）动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 行为动词行为动词又叫实义动词，按照其后是否能跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1及物动词及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词，如 love, need, want, ask, have, help, teach, make 等。它主要用于下列三种句型中：（1）主语谓语（及物动词）简单宾语。He often helps me.他经常帮助我。We need some time.我们需要一些时间。（2）主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语（人）直接宾语（物）。She teaches us Chinese. 她教我们中文
2、。 He gave me a box of chocolates. 他给了我一盒巧克力糖。（3）主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语。We must keep the classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 （形容词 clean 作宾语补足语）You shouldnt let him go out. 你不应该让他出去。 （go out 作宾语补足语） 2不及物动词（1）不及物动词本身意义完整，其后不必跟宾语。例如：come, go, run, walk, travel, listen, swim, live, work等。He works hard. 他工作努力。 People
3、 often swim in the river. 人们经常在这条河里游泳。（2）如果不及物动词需要带宾语，则其后需要加适当的介词，然后才可以跟宾语，实际上可以称为介词的宾语。The baby is smiling at us. 婴儿正对着我们笑呢。 He died of hunger. 他死于饥饿。注：有的动词有时作及物动词，有时作不及物动词，区分它们是及物还是不及物要看其后是否直接跟宾语。He lives in Beijing.（不及物）他住在北京。He lives a happy life.（及物）他过着幸福的生活。3短语动词英语中有许多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词。短语动词像动
4、词一样有及物和不及物之 分。它们尽管由几个词构成，但可以作为一个整体看待，同行为动词一样使用。常用的构成方式主要有以下五种：动词+副词可用作及物或不及物动词，如ring up “打电话”（用作及物动词），look out “小心（用作不及 物动词）。如果用作及物短语动词应注意宾语位置的不同：宾语如果是名词，可以放在副词后面，也可以放在动词与副词之间；宾语如果是代词，则必须放在动词 和副词之间。 Please put on your coat. 请穿上你的外套。 Lets think it over. 咱们再仔细考虑一下。常见此类短语动词如下： put on 穿上；上演pick out 选出来
5、break in 打断put aside 放在一边 put away 收拾起来 give in 屈服（2）动词+介词相当于一个及物动词。无论宾语是名词还是代词，都应放在介词之后。Youll look after her at home. 你要在家照料她。 Im looking for my MP4. 我正在找我的 MP4。 常见此类短语动词如下： ask for 请求 break into 破门而入 care for 喜欢care about 关心look after 照顾 get off 下车（3）动词+副词+介词这类动词一律用作及物动词，如do away with “去掉”，go back
6、 to “回到（某处）去”。 此种结构中，宾语要放在介词之后。The boy gets on well with his classmates这个男孩与同学们相处得很融洽。常见此类短语动词如下： go in for 从事；参加look forward to 盼望catch up with 赶上；超过 go on with 继续 add up to 加起来总共（4）动词+名词+介词 这类动词也只能用作及物动词，如take care of “照顾”，make use of “利用。此种结构中，宾语放在介词 之后。Well take part in the meeting tomorrow.明天我们
7、都将参加会议。常见此类短语动词如下：catch hold of抓住 pay attention to注意take part in参加 make use of利用 get rid of 处理 catch sight of 突然发现注：有些“ 动词副词” 结构和“ 动词介词” 结构相当于一个及物动词。go by = pass 经过 keep on = continue 继续 call on = visit 拜访 ring up = telephone 打电话set out = start 开始 care for = like 喜欢（5）be+形容词+介词形容词包括起形容词作用的分词，这类短语动词也
8、相当于及物动词，如be ready for “为做好准备”，be fond of “喜欢”，be afraid of “害怕”。常见此类短语动词如下：be famous for以 出名be sure about/of对有把握be good at 擅长于实义动词练习题1. I cant my pen. Did you it?A. find; look at B. look at; see C. look for; look atD. find; see2. Our school is planning to a band to give the students a chanceto show
9、their musical talent. A. take up B. set up C. pick up3. Can you help me to my dog when I leave for Hong Kong?A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look through4. （泰安_Donttoo late; you will feel tired in class I wont, Mum. A. call upB. wake up C. stay upD. get up5. （天津）Dontany more time, or we will
10、 miss the meeting.A. save B. trust C. waste D. love6. Lao Shes Teahouse the changes in Chinese society over fiftyyears. A. describes B. improves C. preparesD. corrects7. As time ， youll come to think of English as your friend andlove it. A. goes byB. runs out C. takes offD. turns up8. If you want to
11、 know more information about the coming party, please the website http:/www. happyweekends. com.A. set up B. look through C. pick upD. turn off9. （威海 Miss Li, could you please help methis math problem?OK. Let me try. A. look upB. work out C. set up10. Its reported that Chinese more than 40 minutes a dayreading WeChat（微信）.Its true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time.A. spendB. cost C. payD. take
