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1、英语长句的理解与翻译1Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文：许多专家认为：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激的环境里长大，而这些刺激能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。2How well the prediction will b
2、e validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。3Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later die
3、d of his wounds.译文：部队突然开了火，打死四人，还有一人受伤。后来此人也因伤势过重死去。4The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜 all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦 of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权
4、力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。5Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives.译文：我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界中，这种希望存在于我们重新建立道德标准的能力之中。6To us, a winner is one who responds authentically真的 by being trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, b
5、oth as an individual and as a member of a society.译文：在我们看来，成功者不管作为个人还是社会的一份子，他的真实表现都是可靠、灵敏、和真诚。7. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detach
6、ed from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。8Towns like this sprang up to house, large “comfortable” classes who had retired
7、on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.像这样的城市兴起了，大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系，只是分取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，对管理人员发号施令。9Robert Fulton once wrote
8、, The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. 罗博特富尔顿曾经写道，机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围，像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样，把它们作为自己的思路展示，每一个新组合都传送一个新概念。1
9、0Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果。11This trend began during the Second World War, when several
10、 governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.11.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府下了结论，认为：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。12However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle gene
11、ral unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects. 然而，世界就是如此。一般而言，完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。13New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.句子翻译同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的
12、思维对象，给完美以新的标准。翻译技巧as well as 和，以及/give rise to给以机会9For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.句子主干For Loly
13、d Nicks, the NT Rightsmeans he can get on with living without语法难点插入成分很多。此句实际上是个简单句，其核心结构为Rights means，只不过添加了诸多限制结构使句子看起来很复杂。”For Lolyd Nicks”为主句的状语成分，“a 54years oldcancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语。句子翻译对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的的肺癌患者尼克逊来说，这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去，而无须终日担心将要来临的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。10Someone traveling alone, if hungry,
14、 injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.句子主干Someone, if, often had nowhere to turn except语法难点有省略现象。traveling不是现在分词，而是引导修饰someone的定语从句。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语be动词”的结构，这样显得句子简洁。句子翻译独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受伤了或者生病了，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。翻译技巧直译的话，应该说人们“没有其他地方，只有”可得到帮助，但这样写的话显得冗长而且
15、费解，这里根据句意，译为“只能向求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活，意思很多，这里依据上下文，译为“向求助”。14We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are，是因为在这个从句中主语是use，而不是substances，这一点要注意分辨。句子翻译在我们生活的社会里，物质（药品）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗：服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼，喝酒来应酬，早晨和咖啡来提神，吸烟镇定情绪等。14We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (dr
