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1、一次性破解非谓语常考点老师叮咛：李辉老师说，想要提高语法，攻破非谓语是第一步！下面的知识点都是历年真题中最常 出现的、最值得同学们优先理解的非谓语考点！经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认 真地整理校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！ 一、非谓语 非谓语形式为以下 7 种，对应 7种意思。1. 做：doing2. 被做： done3. 要做/去做： to do4. 要被做： to be done5. 之前做： having done6. 之前被做：having been done （只能作状语）7. 正在被做： being done（前三种考的频率较高）二、不定式不定
2、式是指在句中无人称和数的限制，并在句中起着名词、形容词或副词作用 的语法成分。动 词不定式有两种形式，一种带不定式符号to, 种不带不定式符号to。1. 动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后 面，而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语（有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语）。 如：To help animals is helping people.帮助动物就是帮助人。It is very difficult （for us） to learn Chinese well.（对于我们而言）学好汉语是非常的困难。It took me
3、half an hour to work out this problem.解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间。2动词不定式可以作谓语动词（及物动词）的宾语。我现在想休息一下。 他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷。如： I would like to have a rest at the moment.They began to search the room for the thief. 补充说明常用不定式作宾语的动词：want想要wish希望hope希望offer主动提出decide决定help帮助long盼望arrange安排learn学会ask要求refuse拒绝promise答应pretend假装
4、expect期望dare敢afford承担得起plan计划manage成功agree同意prepare准备determine决定desire渴望demand强烈要求3.动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语，放在名词或代词后面。如： a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子但如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么后面需要加介词。They could not find a place to live in.他们找不到住的地方。Please give me a chair to sit on.请给我一张椅子坐坐。4. 动词不
5、定式可以在句子中用作状语，有下列几种情况：A 放在不及物动词 come, go, stop, finish, wait 如： He came to see her yesterday.I stopped to have a rest.B 放在完整的谓语之后（即“谓语+宾语”、 如： We cleaned the room to let him play in it.I opened the window to see more clearly.等词的后面。他昨天来看望她。（表示来的目的）我停下来休息一会儿。（表示停下来的目的） 谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后）。我们打扫了房间以便让他在
6、里面玩。我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿。C有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。女口： To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual. 为了按时到达，我们比平时早起了一个小时。（表示早起的目的）注意A. stop to do 与 stop doing 的不同。 如： They stopped to have a look.他们停下来看看。（不定式作“停下来”的目的状语）They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher. 他们
7、停止向窗外望，开始听老师讲课。（动名词作宾语，表示“停止”的内容）B. 不定式作目的状语也常用在in order （not） to do或so as （not） to do结构中，但so as （not） to do结构不 用在句首。In order to fetch wood,villagers had to walk many kilometers. 为了砍柴，村民们得走好几千米的路程。She swung the pork in her hand so as to attract the lions attention. 她把猪肉在手中摇晃着，以吸引狮子的注意力。5. 动词不定式可以在句子
8、中用作表语，限用于连系动词之后。如： My job is to keep the goal.我的工作就是守住球门。6. 动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。如： Mum asked me to help her with the cooking. 妈妈叫我帮助她做饭。 注意 help 之后做宾补的不定式符号 to 可以省略； 要求跟不定式作宾补的动词： 劝教命请叫 advise, teach, order, command, ask, tell 允许又警告 allow, permit, warn含义不同，需特别注意（参见现在分词部分）。我路过时听到她正在哭。（指当时瞬间的情况）我
9、坐在她附近听她唱新歌。（指整个过程）使役表意向 cause, let, have, make, lead, set, leave, get, wish, want, expect 知觉动词妙 feel, hear, watch, see, observe, notice （感官动词省略 to） 感官动词之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时， 试比较：I heard her crying when I walked past.I sat near her and heard her sing the new song. 不定式的时态用法意义示例表示与谓语动词的动作同时 （我几乎同时）发生的动作或状况。
10、He seems to be tired =It seems that he is tired.他似乎累了。一般式 to do表示发生在谓语动词的动作之 后的动作.这种用法的动询常用 有 promise, wish, hope, expect, plan, want, mean, intend 等。We expect him to come. =We expect that he will come. 我们希望他回来。She promises to write to me once a week =She says (that) she will write to me once a week
11、.她答应每周给我写封信。进行式 to be doing表示不定式的动作与谓语 动词的动作同时进行。Dont pretend to be work hard. Just do what you should.不要假装努力 工作做你该做的事。I discovered him to be eating in the room.我发现他在房间里吃东西。用法意义示例完成式to have done表示不定式的动作 或状态发生在谓语 动词的动作之前。He seems to have been ill. =It seems that he was / has been ill. 他似乎刚病过。He seeme
12、d to have been ill.=It seemed that he had been ill.他似乎过去病过。表过去没有实现的愿望、期 待或计划。谓语动词常为下 列动词：wished, hoped, intended, meant, expected, planned, promised, wanted, thought, desired, were, was, would like, should like 等。I wished to have bought a car,but I had no money. 我希望买部车，但我 （当时）没有钱。完成进行式to have been d
13、oing不定式的动作或状态在 谓语动词的动作或 状态前一直在进行， 并可能存在下去。He is said to have been teaching there for more than thirty years. 据说他在那儿教书有30多年了。三、动名词1. 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ ing ”构成。动名词有动词的特征，可以跟宾语，可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语宾语（包括介词宾语）等。动名词加相关词语（宾语或状语等）构成动名词短语。2. 动名词可以作主语。一般可用 it 作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。女口： Learning English all by yourse
14、lf is not so easy.=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself. （自学好英语不那么容易）3. 动名词可以作宾语。A want / need 之后用动名词时，含有被动意思。如：Your car needs repairing badly.你的车急需修理。被修）My hair needs cutting.我要理发。（头发被理）B remember / forget / stop / finish 之后用动名词时，与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.我忘了给他写封信。
15、（根本没写）I forgot writing a letter to him.我忘了给他写过信。（写了却忘了）They stopped to look back.他们停下来向后看。（停下的目的是向后看）They stopped looking back.他们停止向后看。（不向后看了）C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go 等词一般用动名词作宾语。如： Do you mind my closing the door?把门关上你介意吗？She hates travelling by air.她讨厌坐飞机旅行。They went swimming every afternoon.他们每天下午去游泳。I enjoy walking around the town.我喜欢在镇上转悠。女口： We began to study English when we were at primary school. We began studying English whe
