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1、英语的五大基本句型基本句型 -简单句，（主谓结构 ）说明:本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如， The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语-定语，如:The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语-状语，如:The red sun rises in the east. 翻译练习： 1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7.五年前我住在北京。 8.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。1.You should st
2、udy hard.2.She came home very late yesterday.3.We talked a lot that morning.4.The meeting will last for two hours.5.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.6.Such thing comes about everywhere in the world everyday.7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.简单句句型一：Subject (主语) Li
3、nk. V(系动词) Predicate(表语) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。系动词主要包括：A)be动词。如am,is are,was,were.如：He is clever.She is a beautiful girl.B)除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词。1) 表感官的动词。如：feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。如：This kind of cloth feels soft.That flower smells good.The food t
4、astes delicious.That piece of music sounds beautiful.He looks ill today.2) 表变化和结果的动词。如：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。如：She becomes more and more beautiful.It gets dark.You grow older than before.Leaves turn yellow in autumn.Spring comes. Its getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。The f
5、acts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 Dont have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。3) 表状态的动词 remain, keep, seem, appear，hold（容纳）, stay等。如：We should always remain honest.It remains dark outside.外面天还是黑的。The door keeps open/closed.主系表结构中的表语常常有以下成分充当：1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词） He is a clever boy. That girl is h
6、er（代词）.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副词） Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）He is excited. The film is interesting. 简单句句型二： Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不 能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完
7、整这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：He knows the answer.（名词）I like her.（代词）2） S+VT(及物动词)+不定式I want to help him.（不定式）常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3)
8、 S + VT + Wh-开头的词 + 不定式I dont know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + 动名词I enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enj
9、oy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。5) S + VT + That-从句I dont think (that) he is right.常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind, notice, pro
10、pose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。说明：此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 翻译练习： 昨晚我写了一封信。 1.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 2.这本书他读过多次了。 3.他们成功地完成了计划。 4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 5.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 6.他不知道说什麽好。 7.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 8.我开窗户你在意吗？1.I want t
11、o have a chat with you this afternoon.2.He has read the book for many times.3.They completed the plan successfully.4.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.5.We all believe (that) Jack is an honest boy.6.He doesnt know what to say.7.He has a cold bath every morning.8.Would you mind my open
12、ing the window? 简单句句型三：. Subject(主语) 谓语+ O 1(间接宾语) O2(直接宾语)这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这 一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前 时,这一介词往往被省略。如：I gave him help. I sent him a book.I bought May a book.Please show me your picture. Ill offe
13、r you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.I owe him some money.They told me about your story.I sold my car to Tom.注意：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.； 2)动词 宾语to sb。“for”常常表示动作的受益者，或“动作是为谁做的”；而“to” 常常表示动作的对象，或“动作是对谁做的”。He sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.Please show your picture to
14、me. Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。间接宾语前常常加to的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：brin
15、g, buy, cash, cook, choose, fetch,find, fix, get, keep, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing等。 说明：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。
