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1、说理议论阅读理解基础练习（2）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2011陕西,D)改编Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s,genetically modified (GM,转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.But can GM tec
2、hnology solve world hunger problems?Even if it would,is it the best solution?Despite what it promises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.In fact,studies show that the most widely grown GM crop,GM soybeans,has suffered reduced productivity.For instance,
3、a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else,however,has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving
4、 money on pesticides (杀虫剂).On the contrary,US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,” said Bill Christison,President of
5、the US National Family Farm Coalition.At the same time,the authors of the book World Hunger:Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production,but by problems in food distribution and politics.These indeed deserve our e
6、fforts and money.Meanwhile,the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food,according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact,scientists see better ways to feed the world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the ch
7、allenges of worldwide poverty and hunger,because better ways out are available,among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.1.The author develops the second paragraph mainly .A.by classificationB.by comparisonC.by exampleD.by process2.What does the underlined word “boost” in the th
8、ird paragraph probably mean?()A.Control.B.Evaluate.C.Obtain.D.Increase.3.GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from .A.practising “green” farmingB.use of less chemicalsC.fair distribution of their cropsD.using more crops for fuel4.Which of the following best describes the attitude of t
9、he author towards GM technology?()A.Optimistic.B.Defensive.C.Disapproving.D.Casual.语篇解读:本文为议论文。转基因食品自20世纪90年代早期上市以来获得较快发展,在市场上占的份额也大为增加,但转基因食品真的能解决世界粮食危机吗?即便能解决,这是最好的方法吗?答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。第二段主要说明转基因技术并未增加世界粮食产量,作者列举了一份报告来证明此论点,根据For instance也可得知,作者本段采用的写作手法为“举例说明”。2.D猜测词义题。由上文可概括出,转基因公司承诺转基因技术会增加粮食产量,还
10、可使农民节省买杀虫剂的费用,故boost为“增加”之意。根据第二段首句“.increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.”也可得知答案。3.B事实细节题。第三段提到“.GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). ”,由此可知,转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此获得更多利润。故答案为B项。4.C推理判断题。作者首先提出问题,然后论证转基因食品无法增加粮食产量,无法减少杀虫剂的
11、使用量,无法解决世界粮食危机。因此,作者对转基因技术的态度是“反对的或不赞成的(disapproving)。”【长难句子分析】 虽然转基因种子价格高,但转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此来获得更多利润。while意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,主句中that引导宾语从句,介词by在句中表示方式。阅读理解。The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”. But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines（学科）,ph
12、ilosophy cannot be defined by what you study ,because it is actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate（
13、博士学位）of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology. Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning .The history of ph
14、ilosophy involves the study of major philosophers and period in the development of philosophy. Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and
15、 its relation to other discoveries. And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field. There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens ones ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues
16、, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quantity of data. These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily obtaining ones first job after graduation, but for preparing for position of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very shortsighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one
