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1、定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系副词主要有四个，即when, where, why, how。此外the也可作关系副词引导副词子句。 关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先 行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代 词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。状语是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的 前面,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条
2、件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或 限制。在不同的语言中“状语”有不同的作用。定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名 词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、 短语或句子都可以作定语。如何判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就 必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the
3、 days when I worked together with you.判断改错：1This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 以上两句都是错误的，应改为：This is the mountain village（which） I visited last year.Ill never forget the days（which） I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地
4、点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的 误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关 系代词/关系副词。例：1Is this museum you visited a few days ago?Awhere BthatCon which Dthe one2Is this the museum the exhibition was held?Awhere BthatCon which Dthe one答案：例 1 D；例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句：This museum isyou visited a few
5、 days ago.例 2变为肯定句： This is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既作了主句的表语，又可作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。在句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分缺句子的状语，表地点，既可用副词where，又 因in the museum词组可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所 以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关 系代词(who, whom,
6、 that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。一) The car ()my uncle bought last week was stolen.The students()dontt study hard will not pass the exam.Ill never forget the time()we work on the farm.）we lived in last year.）they remembered in the school.）name is Lucy.This is the
7、 house in（They talked of the things and persons（ This is the story about the girl（ 二）填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1 This is the house 用 which/that 都可used to live in从 句 中 作介 词 宾 语)2 This is thehouse inI used to live.紧挨着 介词作介 词宾语 ).只能用 which3 This is thehouseI usedto live .作从句中 的地点状语)只能用 where4 Is this the houseyou
8、boughttwo yearsago ? ( 作 从 句 中 的 宾 语 )用 which/that5Is this house the oneyou boughttwo years ago(? 同上，但先行词是代词 one)只能 用 that6The year he was born in was 1968. （可用 which/that）7The year in he was born was 1968. （只能用 which ）8The year he was born was 1968. （从句中作时间状语只能用 when）9. The yearhe spent in the scho
9、ol was 1968.（从句中作宾语）which/that10. That is a book-cover is red.（从句中作定语）which11. That is a book inthe cover is red.（作介词宾语）which12. That is a book the cover of is red .13.1 pick up a manI thought was honest.（指人并作从句中的主语）who14.1 pick up a manI thought to be honest.（扌旨人作 thought 的宾语）whom15.1 have heard fr
10、om my brother is in America. （ that/who）16. Watch the girl and her dog are crossing the bridge. （ that）17. AllI need is a glass of water.（同 5, 样）18. He is the most boring speaker I have ever heard.（ that）19.It is the first English film I saw three years ago.（ that）20.This is the very bookyou are loo
11、king for? （ that）21.I have the same idea you have. （as ）22.Id like to read such fine books you have.（as ）23. we know ,the earth is round.（as）三）连词的用法：（引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词我们也称作连词）1, who指人，在定语从句中作主语。For example:The person who broke the window must pay for it.2， whom 指人作宾语。例：Do you know the young man （whom
12、） we met at the gate?3, whose 指人在定语从句中作定语。如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4, which 指物在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如；A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5, that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例；I have read the newspaper that（which） tells us important news. Who is the person that （
13、who） is reading the newspaper over there?6 , when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。例：I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm .7, where 指地点在从句中作地点状语。例：his is the house where we lived last year. & as, such 一般用于 such+名词+as 或 the same + 名词+8$或（as） -as 结构。例； I would like to use the same pen as was used by y
14、ou just now.Such a film as you describle should not be shown at all.Whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之 间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 和 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语 从句的后面。而这时不用that。例：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.介词加关系代词的用法This
15、is the man , to whom I gave a call. 这是我刚才给打电话的那个人。 give a call to sb 给某 人打电话如何确定介词？一、根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。1She paid the man from whom she had borrowed some money（=She paid the manShe had borrowed some money from him. ） （borrow sth. from sb. 意思是“向某人借东西”。）2In the dark street, there Wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.（NMET 1992）（ turn to sb. for help 意思是“求某人帮助”）在这一句式结构中，句中的介词是与从句的谓语动词有一定的搭配关系。介词可用于关 系代词之前，但先行词若指人，关系代词必须用whom，不能用who或that；若指物必须用 which,不能用thato介词也可以置于从句谓语动词之后。这时，句中关系代词用who, whom, that均可，指物可用which或
