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1、专四阅读 +详解星期 4 ThursdayBusiness is the salf of life事.业是人生的第一需要。学习 题词建 议错误统做题备忘内容材数时间计Text A 女 性 4306分/5职场钟Text B 经 济 3925分/5管理钟Text C 自 然 4506.5 分/5奥秘钟Text D 社 会 5467.5 分/5问题钟今日练习Text ADespite all the progress toward womens equality, women who work full time are still earning only 75 cents on average
2、to every dollar earned by men.Drivinghome thatpoint, theNationalCommittee on Pay Equity has chosen April 16 this year, to remind Americans that all women would need to work at least an extra two days in a workweek to earn almost as much as all men do in one normal workweek.Why does such a wage gap s
3、till persist? Economists differ in their explanations.And yet this income disparity is seen as a key indicator of how women are treated in both the workplace and at home.Fortunately, the womensmovement and civil rights enforcement have ended most gender discrimination in setting wages. Now advocates
4、 are focused on ensuring that working women have female advisers and role models, while they try to remove subtle discrimination in promotions the “glass ceiling”(指职业女性在职务提升时遇到的无形阻力 )that accounts for so few women being in top management.Many economists, however, say many women have lower- paying jo
5、bs because of choicesmade in their home life, such as takingtime out to raise children. Or women take part- time, low- wage jobs for the flexibility.When they do reenter the workforce full time, they reoften behind their working peers in pay and promotions.But as more women feel empowered tomake car
6、eer choices, their pay rises.Another explanation is that women don treally make the choice to drop off the career ladder or to stay at a lower job rung. They may, for example, accept the expectations of others to take traditional jobs for women, such as nursing, which have low market wages. They mus
7、t oftentakejobsthatdon t accountfortheunpredictability of families. Workingmomsmay find their income can t pay for day care, orday care doesnsuitt their child. If they are married, they may realize their husbands are not inclined to child rearing (or house chores), so they either quit work or go par
8、t time.So as their life choices seem to become a life burden, women sincome slips behind men s.No matter what the explanation, much progress has been made in reducing the pay gap. While government still has a major role, employers can do more. Many have found a market advantage in supporting working
9、 mothers or putting women in management. And in the home, men and women are getting smarter in defining their marital relationships, often before tying the knot.Just as women now outnumber men in college, perhaps someday their average pay will surpass men s and that may make up for lost wages.1. Apr
10、il 16 has been chosenA to show the organization sattitude towards equal pay.B to define the day as pay day for women who are not equally paid.C to make it clear that women working fulltime are earning less than men.D to remind women to work longer hours to earn as much as men.2. How can women raise
11、their salary?A By going out for work instead of staying at home.B By asking their employer to raise their salary.C By sending their child to the kindergarten.D By having the ability to choose their jobs. 3. Which of the following is NOT a traditional job for women?A Nurse.B Teacher.C Economist.D Typ
12、ist.4. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A Wage gap servers as a key indicator of howwomen are treated.B Many women have lower- paying jobs because of house chores.C Some working mothers earn less than their childrens day care.D Many employers have already done enough to support working m
13、others.5. Who are expected to contribute more tonarrowing the pay gap?A Women themselves.B Employers.C The government.D Men.Text BIf sustainable competitive advantage depends upon work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the
14、competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired rented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer (CFO) is almost always second in command. The post of head ofhuman-resource management is usually a specialized job, off
