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1、第十二讲 状语从句（含练习与答案）担任状语的从句叫状语从句，可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方 式、比较、让步等。一、时间状语从句：引导词有 after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as soon as, the moment/minute.( 就)，the time, the day, every time, next time, each time by the time , no sooner.than (一.就)，hardly(scarcely).when (一.就)immediately/di
2、rectly等.Each/Every time he comes here, he will drop in on me.He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了.Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.=No sooner had I got to the office than my wife phoned me to go home at once.I recognized him immediately I saw him. wh
3、en, while 与 as当主句动作时瞬时的， 从句动作是延续的，三者都可以用。when引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，在“be.when.”句式中when表“at that time(就 在这时)意。while 引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的；有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、 “却”，并列连词，表对照。As 强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生，意为“一边. 一边.”。When I got home I found the door locked.While / When / as we were working in the fields, it suddenly bega
4、n to rain.He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.I had just arrived at school when my wife phoned me to go home.His pencil is red, while mine is yellow.John sang happily as he went along. till 与 until一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。Until
5、 it stops raining， the children cant go out.=Not until the rain stops can the children go out.二、地点状语从句引导词有 where， wherever.Ill go wherever the people want me to go. (wherever=to any place where)He works where his grandfather fought. (where=in the place where)Where there is a will, there is a way. (W
6、here= In the place where)三、原因状语从句 引导词有 because, since, as, now（that） （既然） 回答以 why 提出的问题时，只能用 because。since=now （that）,表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因。Now that/Since you are free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.for 是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测 或补充说明。It must have rained last night,
7、for the ground is wet.The day has broken, for the birds are singing. （这两句中的 for 不可替换）四、目的状语引导词有 so that, in order that, that, in case （免得，以防）。目的状语从句的谓语常含有 can/could/may/might/will/would 等情态动词。He ran as fast as possible in order that he could catch the bus.Please remind me of it again tomorrow in cas
8、e I forget.五、方式（或比较）状语从句引导词有 as, as if, as though, the way, than,as/so.as, the more.the more.It looks as if it is going to rain.My teacher treats us as if she were our mother.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.Tom is not so/as tall as John.He runs faster than I. 注：as.
9、as可用于肯定句或否定句，so.as只能用于否定句。六、结果状语从句引导词有so.that, such.that, so that.（意思是“如此以致.）He works so hard that he makes great progress in his studies.Its such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.（从句不是目的，没有 can, may） Theres not any noise here so that I feel very comfortable. 修饰形容词、副词只能用 so.He walked
10、so fast that I couldnt keep up with him. 修饰 many, much, few, little （少） 时，习惯用 so.There were so many books in the shop that he didnt know which to buy. 修饰可数名词单数可用 so 或 suchIt is such an interesting book （= so interesting a book） that we all like it very much. 修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时，用such.The villagers were
11、such kind people that they all came to help us.七、条件状语从句引导词有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case （万一，如果），从句的时 态用一般现在时（含现在完成时），一般过去时（含过去完成时）分别代替一般将来时 和过去将来时。If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.He said he would not go back home unless he had achieved a lot.Ill study so long as Im al
12、ive.In case he come, let me know.They cant leave unless they have done their work.疋引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是非真实性条件句（用于虚拟语气）八、让步状语从句引导词有 though, although, even if, even though, as, whoever, whatever, however, no matter+what/who/when/.等。Though/Although he is ill, he still goes to school.She started her exp
13、eriment, even though she had little money.Whatever you found, you must turn it in.However hard he worked, he hardly made any progress. as 作“尽管, 虽然”意时，常用倒装句式。Try as hewould, he couldnt lift the heavy box.Young as he is, he knows a lot = Although he is young, he knows a lot. 若表语为名词，冠词要省略。Child as/thou
14、gh he is, he has remembered a lot of English words.（though不可换为 although） although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though., （and）yet.句式却是正确的。Although it is raining heavily, yet they are repairing the bridge.九、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用 一般现在时表示将来。Well go outing if it doe
15、snt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语是it）,从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+ be”部分。When （he was） still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If （you are） asked you may come in.If （it is） necessary Ill explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句 意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句） This place is where they once hi
