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1、高考英语“短文改错”出题规律与解题技巧分析 许承斌内容摘要：本文通过分析5年（2008年2012年）的高考卷英语科短文改错题考查的内容，针对5年改错题的考点设题、解题进行了详细的分析和阐述。旨在找出高考短文改错题出题规律和解题方法。帮助更多的师生掌握短文改错题的改错技巧，更有效的提高课堂效率。 关键词：高考英语，改错题，语法考点，解题技巧 短文改错题测试难度大，考查面广，能力要求高。本文通过总结归纳近五年的高考短文改错题，目的在于揭示高考短文改错题的出题动向和思路，了解解题的规律，从中拾遗补漏，扬长避短，进而掌握该题的一些解题方法和技巧。高考短文改错的宗旨是测试考生发现、判断、纠错文章中错误的
2、能力。具体说，就是给出一篇短文，设有10个小题，10分制。除了有一题正确之外，其他九题均有错词、漏词、多词。简称“错、漏、多”。学生务必关注命题角度、注意解题思路、掌握解题步骤与技巧，分清错误的类别，对症下药，思考判断。高考短文改错的大致有以下三种：一、错词：错词的类型复杂，但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是学生平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注。对于平时常常疏忽、常常出错的地方要精心改正，做题时更要小心仔细。如下表表格：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词判断名词前的冠词是否误用名词名词的数名中名词该用单数还是复数动词时态、语态主谓一致根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确非
3、谓语动词过现分词，动名词，不定式根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用代词人称代词的格、指定代词及从句关系词1. 人称代词的格是否误用1. 代词前后左右指代是否一致2. 定语从句中关系词是否误用形容词, 副词词法判断句中形容词和副词是否混淆使用介词习惯用法习惯用法中介词是否误用连词句法判断句中并列连词，从属连词是否误用1. Different people speak different language.1. _2. Last Sunday, the police cars hurry to the tallest building.2. _3. The students each has a d
4、ictionary.3. _4. There are falling leaves on the ground.4. _5. Im looking forward to hear from you soon.5. _6. One should love their country.6. _ 7. The population in China is much larger than those in Class Two.7. _ 8. This is the countryside where I visited 3 years ago. 8. _9. Try to write as care
5、ful as you can.9. _10. We asked him to help us and he refused.10. _1. language 应加s;2. hurry应改为 hurried3. has应该为have; 4. falling应该为 fallen 5. hear 应改为hearing6. their应改为her/his; 7. those应改为 that8. where应改为 that/which9. careful 应改为carefully 10. and应改为 but二、漏词：漏掉的往往是冠词，介词，连词等虚词。这又与前后词的搭配有关。见到名词，应考虑是否缺了冠
6、词，见到动词，可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其它词。如下表表格：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词 名词前是否漏冠词不及物动词介词 不及物动词后是否漏介词不定式小品词to 不定式中是否漏少了不该省的“to”被动语态助动词 被动语态中是否漏少了助词母语迁移词类用法 将形容词，副词或介词视作动词使句子漏少谓语部分动词固定搭配习惯用法 习惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词1. She is such good teacher that we all like her. 1. _2. She asked me to watch for the traffic on the roads. 2. _3. I l
7、ike swimming, but I wont be able tomorrow.3. _4. At age of 12, he started writing his own book.4. _5. He interested in playing the computer games.5._6. His father not here and he had been to Shanghai. 6. _7. I against the plan that he put forward just now.7. _8. I like playing football. What you?8.
8、_9. Have you invited John to our party? Yes, he has invited. 9. _10. The baby is taken good care by his grandma.10._1. good前加 a2. watch后加 out3. able 后加to4. age前加the；5. interested前加 is6. not 前加was 7. against前加am8. What后加about；9. invited前加been10. care后加of。三、多词：多余的词，往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、代词等。一种是根据涉及到的名词、动词的特点、
9、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词或其它词。如下表表格：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词 抽象名词，物质名词泛指时是否多了冠词动词介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词不定式小品词to 不定式前是否多了应该省的“to”代词代词 定语从句中是否多了代词形容词, 副词比较结构 形容词，副词比较结构中是否多了相似词固定搭配习惯用法 固定搭配是否“画蛇添足”1. What a fine weather it is! 1. _2. I dont know when the plane will arrive at.2. _3. He prefers to
10、see films rather than to go to the park.3. _4. The path which he thought it would lead to his village.4. _5. She is even more cleverer than her sister.5. _6. Ill tell him as soon as I will see him.6. _7. You had better tell me as soon as she comes to home. 7. _8. If you dont hurry up, and you will b
11、e late.8. _9. The Smiths did their best for make me to feel at home.9. _ 10. His father has to return back to America tomorrow.10._1. 除去a2. 除去at3. 除去第二个to；4. 除去it5. 除去more6. 除去will7. 除去to8. 除去and9. 除去第二个to 10. 除去back。总之，短文改错是检测考生对书面语篇的校验能力，一篇约100个单词的英语短文，要求考生对标有题号的每一行做出判断，若有错误就将其改正。短文中的错误往往要在不同程度上借助语境来进行判断，短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性及考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性及考查的语言观察能力与评价能力。短文改错的测试注意了语言知识的覆盖面，主要有：名词、形容词、冠词、连词、动词、介词等。因此，我们应该全面了解其错误类型，对症下药，同时多加练习，方可探寻最佳的解题策略。
