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1、2015八年级下第二单元单词和词汇学案Unit 2 Ill help clean up the city parks.I目录页学习1. Topics: Volunteering and charity 2. Functions: Offer help （主动提出做。 offer to do / offer sth.to sb.offer sb. sth.)3. Structures: 不定式做宾语 (区别不定式做目的状语)，形容词做宾语补足语 （可以变形为形式宾语it的表达方式） 情态动词could来表达请求 短语动词4. Target Language: Id like to You cou
2、ld She volunteers there once a week to help kids to learn to read. Im making some signs to put up around the school. 5. Vocabulary: 目录页的词汇教材已经按照词性分类，自己抄录一下哈n. (名词)v. (动词)phrasal verbs (短语动词) phrases (短语) PS：需要明白短语动词的意义哦6. Recycling: 循环复习里的单词和短语可是中考要重点考察的，尤其重视词性和语法项目关于If 你觉得中考要考察什么呢，列举在下面吧：7. 只能用不定式做
3、宾语的及物动词ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,determine ,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish, hesitate, seek, swear, afford, guarantee,intend, 8. 既可以用不定式又可以用ing分词做宾语的动词，但是有区别forget, remember, regret, mean, go on, try, cant help, stop, need, only to do(
4、doing), 这组词一定要自己查一查哦，写在下面9. 常用不定式做宾语补足语的及物动词want, need, teach, advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn，guide, enable, get(使), instruct, recommend, urge, command, prefer, wishwait for sb.to do / call on s
5、b.to do / depend on sb.to do / long for sb.to do II. 短语动词：1. 动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关
6、掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间She gave them away.她送掉了它们。同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出work out算出2. 动词+介词(及物)Im l
7、ooking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look after照料，look at看，look for寻找3. 动词+副词+介词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一
8、来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 这个网址有很好的资源适合自学，上面总结的短语动词的结构不完整，需要自己再加把劲把它补充完整哈，要点和有用的例句写在下面吧： 常考短语动词的归纳百度上都有哈，要5个下载券，q我没有，哪位富裕的下载一个给大家共享呗，3q III. 词汇用法：1.clean up v. clean up the city parks clean it / them up clean-up n. have a (彻底的 thorough )clean-up 小结：有些动词短语中间加上连字符一下子就变合成_了，意思差不多哦 grow up - grown-up ( grown-ups) =
9、adult get together - have a family get-together 你再归纳几个： E.g. -Jane, your bedroom is so dirty. -Sorry, Ill _. A. clean up it B. clean it up C. clean them up D. clean up them2. cheer v.欢呼；喝彩 (cheered) cheer up sb. cheer sb. Up adj. cheery (smiles / greetings ) 汉语意思呢_ cheerful = happy be cheerful about
10、 E.g. We are so cheerful about the coming of this semester due to seeing old friends again. E.g. Lily is upset these days. You must come up with some good ideas to _. 举杯的时候会说：_ 篮球比赛timeout时，又蹦又跳的美女们叫做 cheerleaders 3. give out 分发；散发 ;发出（光、热、声音、气味等) 给出，捐赠 give out food give it / them out give out mone
11、y = donate / give away E.g. The sun g_ out light and heat to the earth.4. volunteer v.& n. voluntary adj. - adv.（完全可以自己写出来）_ volunteer to do sth. / volunteer ones time to do sth. E.g. A volunteer is someone who does work _ being paid for it because they are _ to do that. The volunteers volunteer _(h
12、elp) to clean up the city parks.5. come up with / think out / think up / come up with new plans / creative ideas / practical solutions 6.put off 推迟 (put) put off doing sth. E.g. Never p_ off till tomorrow what you can do today. 这句话引用到作文当中不错呀！（As the saying goes, “.”) Please dont put off _(do) your h
13、omework.以put为中心词常考的短语动词：put away, put up , put on, put out, put off, put aside 自己翻译一下哈：Syn. - postpone e.g. He decided to postpone his departure. - - delay e.g. Many young couples delay having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers. 高考考点delay doing sth. 7. sign n.标志；信号；星座 v.签字n.
14、signature put up signs traffic signs / a thumb-up sign E.g. Excuse me, Sir. You cant smoke here. Why not? Didnt you see the sign, _(say) “ No smoking!” E.g. Whats your sign? - 这个是问啥的呢？ v. sign ones name / sign a contract E.g. Whats your sign? Cancer. 你的星座是什么？_E.g. Sir, please sign the contract. 当老板的感觉！为了学习思路更清晰，下面的读读：辨别：mark, sign, signal
