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1、动词的时态和语态表示动词的动作或状态的时间指向的动词形式叫动词的时态。动词的时态是动词的属性之一。动词常见时态有哪些？1 一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时 将来完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去将来时一般现在时怎样使用？（要求作出翻译， 表明是这种时态的哪种用法）1. My father never takes a bus but walks to his office. 2. Water boils at 100.3. The plane takes off at six past five. 4. (1) Ill let you know
2、 as soon as I hear from him. (2) We shall not have a discussion unless we have time. 5. There goes the bell.6. The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 7. I hope they have a nice time next week. 一般现在时表示经常反复发生的习惯性行为动作或所处的状态。常见时间状语有：often，usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays
3、, never等。 一般现在时主要用法有：1表达经常反复发生的习惯性动作； 2表达一般事理或客观真理；3表达机场，车站，码头等的日程表安排；4在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表将来；5在here，there等引起的倒装句中表进行；6在戏剧，电影说明文字中常用一般现在时现在进行时怎样使用？翻译下列句子，指出现在进行时的时态含义1. Hold on! I am writing a letter. 2. Cheers! I know you are translating a famous novel. 3. Mary is coming back from her visit to Shanghai
4、. 4. We are having the midterm examination next month. 5. (1)He is always helping others. (2)She is always complaining. 6. Its getting colder and colder.现在进行时一般表达说话时间或现阶段正在发生的动作，常见时间状语有now，at the moment，at present。主要用法有：1表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作；2表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时不一定正在进行); 3表将来。用进行时表将来的动词通常为短暂性动作或表示位置转移的动词用进
5、行时，如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等；4表示按既定计划，不轻易更改的安排；5常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表达说话人或褒或贬的感情，如赞扬，敬佩，羡慕，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。6表示渐变动词，如become, turn, get, grow, run, go, begin用于进行时态表示一个逐渐变化的过程。 现在完成时怎样使用？翻译下列句子，指出现在完成时的时态含义 1. My daughter has just handed in her duty report. 2. (1) Th
6、ey have been away for two years(2) They have gone away. (3) We have talked for more than 2 hours and lets call it a day. (4) I have worked in China since 1997 and I wont go back to Canada until 2117.现在完成时表示到说话时间为止，动作已经发生或动作、状态已经持续一段时间。1表示动作已经发生或完成，此时该动作通常为短暂意义的动词，如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave,
7、 lose, fall等。短暂性动作不能与含有一段时间的完成时连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。但可与just, already，yet, never, always, often, before等连用；2表示该动作或状态已经持续一段时间，还可能持续下去。与once, twice, ever, never, today, these days, recently, now, lately, for, since, so far, by now, up to now，in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等时间状语连用。 现在完成
8、进行时怎样使用？翻译下列句子，指出现在完成进行时的时态含义1. Here comes the bus. Ive been waiting for it since eight oclock in the morning. 2. I have been writing a novel and I wont be free until next year. 现在完成进行时的基本含义是动作从过去没有间断地一直持续到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能持续下去。理解其中“一直”的含义至关重要。既然“一直”持续，短暂性动作不能用于现在完成进行时。时间状语主要为now，these days, this mornin
9、g, these years等具有连续性意义的时间状语。一般过去时怎样使用？翻译下列句子，指出一般过去时的时态含义1. The train arrived ten minutes ago. 2. I was a newspaper boy in the 1930s. 3. I used to go to school early. 4. Mother said Father didnt like smoked food. 5. If I were you, I would choose to work at home. 6. Its high time that we discussed th
10、e problem now.一般过去时通常表示过去一段时间的习惯性动作或状态或过去某一具体时间发生的动作或所处的状态。注意：过去时有时并不实际表示过去的动作或状态。受主句过去时态影响，从句用过去时态；表示虚拟语气时用过去时态。常见的时间状语(举例式)有：yesterday, (two days/) ago，last (year/)，the other day(前几天)，once upon a time(很久以前)，just now(刚才)，in the old days(在过去的日子里)，before liberation(解放前)，When I was 8 years old(当我8岁时)，
11、at (7 oclock/)等。过去进行时怎样使用翻译下列句子，指出过去进行时的时态含义1. This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson2. When I was in Greece, he was studying French3. She was setting the table when it began to shake terribly.4. It was getting dark and the wind was rising.5. In Qing Dynasty, China was always saying Y
12、es to western powers.过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时动词与always, continually, frequently 等词连用时，表示明显的感情色彩。进行时与when连用表达“正在做某事，突然”的意思。短暂性动作用于进行时时，表达“慢慢地”的意思。常见时间状语有this time yesterday/last month/last year等，表达“过去这个时候”的意思。过去完成时怎样使用？翻译下列句子，指出过去完成时的时态含义1. She had visited China twice before she ca
13、me last year. 2. By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years.3. If I had attended the meeting last night, I would have seen Mr. Li, chairman of the meeting.4. He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 5. I had hoped that nothing would get worse. 过去完成时的基本
14、含义表示在过去某一参照时间或动作之前动作已经发生或到过去某一参照时间或动作为止动作或状态已经持续一段时间。用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某动作已发生或某状态已经存在。体会 “过去的过去”或“从过去到过去”是理解过去完成时的关键。具体时间状语有：by过去时间或before过去时间。一般将来时怎样使用？翻译下列句子，指出一般将来时的时态含义1. (1)I will go to Hawaii to attend a fashion show next month. (2)Man will die without air or water. (3)You shall h
15、ave the book as soon as I get it. 2. (1)My brother is going to learn English next year. (2)There are many black clouds in the sky.It is going to rain.3. (1)You are not to smoke in this room.(2)Tomorrow is still to come. 4. My book is about to be published一般将来时表达说话时间为起点将要发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时的表达方式较多：主语will/shall do; 主语be going to do; 主语be to do; 主语be about to do; 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中一般式表将来；短暂性/位移动作动词/既定计划进行时表将来。一般将来时的
