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1、金太阳新课标资源网 第四部分 阅读表达 阅读表达是山东省高考自主命题在2007年的创新题型。该题型重在考查考生的实际语言技能和综合语言运用能力,并侧重于对后者的考查,尤其是对运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力的考查。 一、阅读表达的特点: 1.阅读表达考查学生对书面材料的阅读理解能力和书面表达能力,即获取、收集、提炼、加工语言材料的能力。以阅读材料作为问题的载体,考查的最终目标是表达能力,为“写”的考查拓宽了渠道。这种题型是新课程标准下的高考命题形式的一大突破。 2.题目的设计对学生的阅读理解能力的考查加大了广度和深度。问题形式向多样化发展,考查学生的个性发展和思维的多样性
2、和开放性。既要理解文章的总体意思,又要把握文章的细节,还要进行英译汉的句子翻译,同时也考查学生对长难句的分析理解能力。学生必须全面深刻的理解文章才能正确作答。 二、阅读表达的总体要求: 共5个小题;每小题3分,共l5分;参考时间:15分钟。要求学生阅读所给的一篇短文,并根据文章后的题目进行简答。近四年的阅读表达题型如下: 2010年阅读表达 76.What is the main idea of the text?(no more than S words) 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the foll
3、owing one? 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) 79.What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. 2009 年阅读表达 76. What does the author
4、 say about the adults according to Paragraph 1 ?(within 8 words) 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 5 words) 79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. (within 8 words)
5、 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. 2008年阅读表达 76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words) 77. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3? (Please answer within 8 words) 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 wit
6、h proper words. (Please answer within 6 words) 79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese. 2007 阅读表达 76. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? 77. Fill in the
7、 blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. ( within10 words ) 78. What advice is given in the last paragraph? ( within 10 words) 79. For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ? (within 10words)80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chine
8、se 三、题目考查的主要类型: 1概括文章大意、标题或指出作者的写作意图(评分要求:依据与文章整体内容的相关程度酌情给分) 问题的主要形式为:What is the best title of the passage?What is the writers purpose of writing the passage? What is the general/main idea of the passage? 答题技巧 (1)要出现关键词才能得分。 (2)不要过于标新立异,但要简洁明了。 (3)要全面涵盖文章内容,分清主旨和细节,把握部分和整体的关系,不要以偏盖全。 (4)题目不能太大、太笼统
9、。 (5)要注意主旨句。 (6)文章标题的形式:完整的句子;简洁的单词、短语。 (7)对于标题中字母的大小写、格式等一般不做严格的要求。通常采用以下几种方式: 标题的第一个单词的首字母大写:How to deal with stress实词的第一个字母大写:How to Deal with Stress 所有字母都大写:HOW TO DEAL WITH STRESS 2补全文章中空缺的部分(评分要求:要求给出的答案能保持与上下文的连贯性,而且与参考答案的意思相近) 要求:(1)要很好地保持与上下文的连贯性。 (2)语法要正确。 答题技巧: (1)整体理解,上下推敲,注意上下文的逻辑性,特别是文
10、中表示并列、转折、对比、因果、递进等关系的关联词的使用。 (2)分析语法,用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空。(3)把握作者的思路,简练表达,不能偏离主题,更不能断章取义。 (4)要放回原文中进行检查,确保其准确性。 例如:78Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words(within 5 words)So maybe we can make the world a better place by(2009年山东卷78) 参考答案:Saying hello to each other/greeting each other/saying
11、 hello 3根据语境翻译句子(评分要求:要求在准确全面的基础上翻译成较为通顺的汉语,并表达出作者的思路) 要求: (1)翻译时既要忠实于原文,又要符合汉语的习惯。 (2)翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文的思想内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一。 (3)能够直译尽量不意译。 (4)翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达,也就是说要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。 答题技巧: (1)直译意译互动。在安排好了句子结构基础上,直译意译相结合,其效果更佳。 Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the
12、 features that make one face different from another.译文:即使是最老道的作家也很可能不能描述出不同面孔的区别所在。(2)注意词义的精选和引申。 In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.此句中“land”根据上、下文可译为“国家”。(3)适当地增词或减词。 While both groups did better than chance would predict, near
13、ly half the participants in eachgroup made the wrong choice two or more times.译文:尽管两组表现得比我们预料的要好,但是每组几乎一半参加者作出了两次或两次以上的错误选择。(4)坚持长句短说的表达方法。 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, bio-chemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(认
14、知的)areas such as attention and memory. 译文:研究人员己证实,当人们在动脑筋时,头脑里会产生生化变化。这种变化可以使头脑在一些认知领域(如注意力、记忆力领域等)里更加有效地进行活动。(5)善于分析句子结构。 做好英译汉的重要步骤之一就是要会分析句子结构。把主、谓、宾、状、定、补一一分析出来,就会明白句意,然后针对各成分,采用不同的译法。 例如:Whatever the reason,my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones(2009年山东卷80) 参考答案:不管出于什么原因,我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。 4同义语句替换(评分要求:要准确找出与之相符的句子) 要求: (1)一定要通过上下文,整体理解,分析所给句子的结构、含义、实际用意,并在文中找出 同义的句子。 (2)不能增加或减少(不完整或多余都不行),不可断章取义,必须准确无误。 例如:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Teachers and students got friendlier so that th