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1、ABriefIntroductiontoEnglish-Chinese【Abstract】WithChinassuccessfulentryintoWTO,someadultsarebeginningtoattachimportancetostudyingbusinessEnglishcontracts.ThepurposeofthispaperistoquestforEnglish-ChineseTranslationTechniquesofbusinesscontracts.【KeyWords】English-ChineseTranslationTechniques;BusinessCon
2、tracts;PassiveVoice;AdverbialClausesWithChinassuccessfulentryintoWTO(theWorldTradeOrganization),businessEnglishismorewidelyused.AbusinessEnglishcontractisaformalwrittenagreement,whichsetsforthrightsandobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.Onceenteredinto,acontractisbindingandenforceablebylaw.Anypartywhof
3、ailstofulfillhisobligationsmustmakecompensationfortheotherpartyslosses.Abusinesscontractisanindispensablepartforpeopletocarryoutinternationalbusinessactivities.ItisnecessarytomentionafewEnglish-Chinesetranslationtechniquesofbusinesscontracts.Whentranslating,bothgrammaticalandrhetoricalconsiderations
4、areinvolved.SinceChineseandEnglishbelongtotwodifferentlanguagefamiliesandpresentalotofdifferencesintheirgrammar,lexicon,discoursestructure,etc.,oneoftheproblemswecannotavoidwhiletranslatingishowtomaketheversionsoundassmoothandnaturalaspossible.TranslatingsentencesofbusinessEnglishContractsintoChines
5、eisfeasiblebutnotalwayseasy.Theyarecomprehensive,andoccasionallycomplex.Thefollowingtranslationtechniqueswillfocusonthepassivevoiceandtheadverbialclauses.1.TranslationTechniquesofPassiveVoiceVoiceisagrammaticalcategory.Itisaformoftheverb,whichshowswhetherthesubjectofasentenceactsorisactedon.Whenthes
6、ubjectistheagentordoerofanaction,theverbtakestheformofactivevoice;if,ontheotherhand,thesubjectistherecipientoftheaction,theverbtakestheformofpassivevoice.PassivevoiceiswidelyusedinEnglish,especiallyinformalinformativewriting,andscientificwritingandnewsreporting.InbusinessEnglishcontracts,passivevoic
7、eisfrequentlyused,too.Mosttransitiveverbscanappearintheirpassiveforms.ThepassivevoiceofEnglishtransitiveverbsisformedbytheauxiliarybe+-edparticiple.Asentence/clausewhosepredicator(predicateverb)ispassiveiscalledapassivesentence/clause.Onthecontrary,activevoiceisoftenusedintheChineseversion.1.1ThePas
8、siveVoiceConvertedintotheActiveVoiceSincepassivevoiceisusedmuchlessfrequentlyinChinesethaninEnglish,andpassivemeaningsareusuallyexpressedbyactiveconstructionsinChinese,wecanconvertthepassivevoiceinEnglishintotheactivevoiceinChinese.A)Whenbeingtranslated,onthewhole,thewordorderofapassiveclauseorasent
9、enceisnotalteredorischangedalittle,andthepositionofthesubjectoftheoriginalsentenceisnotchangedinthetargetlanguage.ThiskindoftranslationtechniqueisoftenemployedinthetranslationofbusinessEnglishcontracts.Afewexamplesarelistedbelow:a)Alltheactivitiesshallbegovernedbythelawsofthecountriesconcerned.一切活动均
10、应遵守有关国家的法律。b)Alldisputesarisingoutoftheperformanceof,orrelatingtothisContract,shallbesettledamicablythroughnegotiation.凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。B)Whetherornotaby-phraseisusedinapassivesentenceisdeterminedbyanumberoffactors.Generallyspeaking,aby-phraseisindispensablewhenadraftsmanwantstost
11、resstheagentorthedoeroftheaction.Inthiscase,wemayconvertthedoeroftheactionofaby-phraseintothesubjectofaclauseorsentenceinthetargetlanguage.AllthepaymentsshallbemadeintheU.S.CurrencybytheBuyertotheSellerbytelegraphictransfertotheSellersdesignatedaccountwiththeBankofChina,Beijing,China.买方应以美元支付卖方货款，并以
12、电汇的方式汇至卖方指定的中国银行北京分行的帐户。C)Whentranslatingapassiveclauseorsentence,atwhilesoneneedreadjustthesentenceelements.Ifanadverbialclauseofconditiondoesnotindicatethedoeroftheaction,wemayconvertthisclauseinthepassivestructureintoasubjectlessclause.Thesubjectoftheoriginalclauseisconvertedintotheobjectofthetar
13、getsentence.Forinstance:Ifaforeignauditorregisteredinothercountryisnecessarytobeemployedtoundertakeannualfinancialcheckingandexamination,PartyAshallgiveitsconsent.AlltheexpensesthereofshallbebornebyPartyB.如果需要聘请其他国家的审计师对年度的财务进行审查，甲方应予以同意。其所需费用乙方负担。Iftheadverbialandthesubjectofasentenceinthepassivevoicehaveinclusiverelationship,wemayconverttheadverbialoftheoriginalsentenceintothesubjectofthetargetsentencesoastomakethetranslationclearandcoherent.Forexample:a) Theestablishment,remunerationandtheexpensesofthestaffofthepreparationandconstructionoffice,whenagreedbybothparties,s
