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1、定语从句一. 基本概念The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我们隔壁的人卖蔬菜. You must do everything that I do. 你必须做我做的一切. 定语从句：（在复合句中）作定语的从句。（提示：把从句看成一个整体）（复习：单词，词组和句子都可以作定语。如：I bought his book.I bought his new book. I borrowed the book which he bought yesterday. )（思考：什么叫主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，表语从句？）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的
2、名词或代词。 （思考：如何理解“先行”？）引导词：引导定语从句的词，又叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，who，whom，whose） 和关系副词（when, where, why）注意: 1. 定语从句要放在先行词之后, 而在汉语中，无论定语有多长，都要放在名词之前。例如：He still remembers the house where he was born. 他还记得他出生的房子。2. 从句的结构= 连接词+主语+谓语。例如：I dont know what he said. (凡是从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后)小结：能够划出主句和定语从句；先行词和引导词
3、是基本功。试练如下几题：1. I shall never forget the day when I went to college.2. The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.3. The letter which I received yesterday was from my best friend.4. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.5. Do you know the park which was built last year?二. 引导
4、词的三大功能 (I) 连接主句和从句。 (2) 代替先行词（以免重复）。 (3) 在定语从句中充当句子成分。如：I lost the book which I bought yesterday. (which在定语从句中作宾语）定语从句引导词的选用及其省略是高考的重点和难点，但是，始终围绕引导词的“三大功能”思考，是掌握定语从句的关键。技巧：定语从句都可以转换成一个陈述句。(which I bought yesterday=I bought the book yesterday.）。试练如下几题：1. The boy who is playing on the grass is my brot
5、her.2. I dont know the reason why (=for which) he didnt help me.3. Can you tell me the way in which you learn English?4. This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.5. My brother, who is an engineer, is thirty-two. 我的哥哥三十二岁，他是一个工程师。三先行词和引导词的关系1. 关系代词是先行词的复指A plane is a machine that can fly. (tha
6、t = the machine) The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (who = the boy )2. 关系代词whose是先行词的所有格The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.(whose = the boys)3. 关系副词是介词先行词The school where (=in which) I study is far from my home. (where = in the school) 试练如下几题：1. Do you know the
7、 boy whose mother is a doctor?2. This is the house where(=in which) we lived ten years ago.3. The girl who is standing there is Called Mary.4. I lost the pen which he lent to me.四. 关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景
8、。2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。That is the house where (= in which) he lived ten years ago. 那是他10年前住过的房子。3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。I know the reason why (=for which) she was so angry.我知道她为什么那么生气。注：why作关系副词只用在reason后面。 “关系副词介词十which”五. 区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句看形式：限制性定语从句和主句不可用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 This is the b
9、ook which I bought yesterday.His dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 看从句能否省略：限制性定语从句省去后，主句的意思就会不清楚。非限制性定语从句只起补充说明的作用，省去后主句的意思仍然清楚。 This is the hospital where he was operated on a few months ago. 这就是他几个月前动手术的医院。 （限制性定语从句） The sun, which sis very hot, gives a lot of energy 太阳很热，它给人类很多热量。 （非限
10、制性定语从句）看翻译：限制性定语从句译成定语（“的”），而非限制性定语从句单独译成一个句子。试比较： She has a sister who is a musician.（限制性定语从句） 她有一个当音乐家的姐姐。 （她有几个姐姐，其中一个是音乐家） She has a sister, who is a musician.（非限制性定语从句）她有一个姐姐，是音乐家。 （她只有一个姐姐，她是音乐家）六. 限制性定语从句的英译汉 方法：先译定语从句（译为“的”），再译先行词。 The station is the place where we met together. 车站是我们见面的地方 方
11、法：先译主句，再译从句，最后把它们相加。The station is the place where we met together.车站就是那个地方 + 我们在那里见面。练习：翻译下面的句子提示:无论是英译汉还是汉译英，都先找出先行词和定语从句。The teacher who taught us English was elected the headmaster of the school. Everything that she said seemed quite reasonable.我还记得我小时候借过书的那个图书馆。汤姆考试失败的原因是他的粗心。这就是我学英语的方式。星期一是我最忙
12、的一天。屋顶被毁的房子己经修补了。这就是我们去年参观过的学校。七. 选用关系代词还是关系副词？不能一见先行词是时间，地点，就不加分析地一律使用when或there. 因为时间和地点一般作状语, 有时也能作宾语或主语。作状语用where提问，作宾语当然不能用where. 当先行词是时间、地点和原因时，关键在于判断引导词在定语从句中充当状语还是宾语。换句话说，要求分析从句的谓语动词和先行词之间构成动宾关系还是动状关系。例如： I）I still remember the days which we spent together. 2）I still remember the days when (
13、= in which) we worked together.技巧：看（在汉语中）先行词能否放到从句谓动后面作宾语。This is the factory _ we visited last year.This is the factory _ we worked together last year.I dont know the reason _ he didnt do his homework.I dont know the reason _ he told you.八“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用引导词与定语从句中某成分的搭配需要介词时，介词的选择要看从句语义（尤其要注意先行词和从句
14、的谓语动词的习惯搭配）。 解题技巧：还原法（定语从句都可以还原为一个陈述句） Thats the reason for which he didnt go to school this morning.（for. reason系固定搭配） （定语从句=he didnt go to school for the reason this morning.） Thats the famous building, at the top of which theres a tower（塔子） （定语从句=theres a tower at the top of the famous building).
15、 My glasses, _ which I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broken.He is a person with great experience, _ whom we can learn much.I found a knife _ which I cut the cake.九. 其它考点.“名词代词+of which /whom”一般引导非限制性定语从句，指部分和全体的关系， She has three sons, two of whom are teachers. =She has three sons and two of them are teachers. 说明：非限制性定语从句都可以改为一个并列句。2. What she said is tr
