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1、 高中定语从句详细讲解（一）定义及相关术语定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句关系词指代成分that人，物主 宾Which人，物主 宾who人主 宾Whom人宾whose人，物定1 who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thatistheteacherwhot
2、eachesusphysics. 。2whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend. 3 Which指物
3、，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.。4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereisthemant
4、hat/whomIsawthismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.5 Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。whose+n. 引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点，此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是of which +the+n.Ivisitedascientistwhose
5、nameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?限制性定
6、语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou
7、.Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.2 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：Thisisthebestfilmtha
8、tIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5 当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?Whichi
9、stheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet. who、whom、that 的区别 a.先行词为those或people 时，常用关系代词who,不用that b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法 a. 介词之后的关系代词只能用which（先行词为物）或者是whom（先行词为人） b. 介词的选择
10、方法有三个原则：一“先”二“动”三“意义” I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with) This is the house in which he lives. (定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)The gas is oxygen without which we cant live. (根据句意决定)（三） “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.The
11、schoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开
12、，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many
13、,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.先行词为way时 先行词为way，在定语从句中作状语时，用that，in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。e.g. I dont like the way(that/in which)
