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1、初三英语上册（人教新目标）Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.知识点总结一、重点词汇 词义辨析：above/on/over 都指“在上”，但有区别。above表示高于某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词是below。on表示在另一个的上面，有表面接触。over表示高于某物，在正上方，反义词是under。 He lifted his hands above his head. 他将双手举过头顶。 They put some flowers on the teachers desk. 他们把花放在老师桌子上。 There is a bridge over the
2、 river. 河上有座桥。 词义辨析：alive/living/live/lively 都有“活着的”意思，含义和所做成分各有不同。含义用法alive人或物“活着的”，侧重生与死的界限。是表语形容词，只做后置定语或补语，不能做前置定语。living人或物“活着的”。主要用于做前置定语及定冠词the之后表示一类人；也可用作表语。live物“活着的、有生命的”；也表示“实况转播的”。做前置定语。lively人或物“活泼的，充满生气的”。做定语、表语、补语。He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往医院时还活着。 The living
3、must finish the work of those dead. 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。 He said he had seen a live whale.他说他见过活鲸鱼。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法，使他的课生动有趣。 by the time：到时（常与过去完成时连用） By the time I got to the station, the bus had already left. 我到车站的时候，汽车已经走了。 拓展： by now：到现
4、在为止（常与现在完成时连用） give sb. a lift：捎某人一程 Can you please give me a lift? Im afraid my car broke down. 请让我搭一下车好吗？我的车坏了。 in line with：与成一排 Make sure that the flowers on both sides are in line with the trees. 确保两边的花跟树成一排。 stare at sb.：盯着某人 Dont stare at me like that. 别那样盯着我看。 show up：露面 We waited until five
5、 oclock, but he did not show up. 我们一直等到了5点，但是他始终没有露面。 by the end of：在以前 By the end of last month, we had learned 10 units. 到上个月为止，我们已经学了10个单元。 拓展： 1. in the end：最终，最后2. at the end of：在的末尾/末端 识记词汇 unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 ring v.（钟，铃等）响 block n. 街区 disbelief n. 不信，怀疑burn v. 燃烧burning adj. 燃烧着的 airport n
6、. 机场 till prep.&conj. 直到 west adv. 向西 adj. 西方的fool n. 傻瓜 v. 愚弄embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的，使人尴尬的costume party 化妆舞会spaghetti n. 意大利面条hoax n. 骗局，恶作剧believable adj. 可相信的disappear v. 消失二、重点句型 Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on, the first plane hadalready h
7、it my office building. 解析：本句的主干是 the first plane had already hit my office building；Before I could join the others outside 是由before 引导的时间状语从句；to see 是不定式表示目的；what was going on 是 see 的宾语从句。翻译：我还没得及走进人群看看到底出什么事了，第一架飞机就撞上了我们的办公楼。 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all
8、 kinds oftricks and jokes on each other. 解析：本句的主干是 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day；when many people play all kinds of tricksand jokes on each other 是由 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 day。翻译：愚人节是每年的4月1日，在这一天，许多人都会彼此捉弄，彼此开玩笑。出题建议：确定好题型后，在关键词中输入 when，就可以找到 when 做引导词的定语从句了。 One April Fools Day, a report
9、er in England announced that there would be no morespaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. 解析：本句的主干是a reporter in England announced；One April Fools Day 表示时间；that there would be nomore spaghetti 是 announced 的宾语从句；because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopp
10、ed growing spaghetti是由 because 引导的原因状语从句。翻译：有一年的愚人节，英国的一名记者宣称意大利面将会停产，因为意大利农民不再生产意大利面了。 Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fearspread across the whole country. 解析：本句的主干是Welles made it sound real；sothat hundreds of people believed thecountry是由 so.that引导的状语从句，
11、表示结果。翻译：威尔斯的故事听起来非常真实，结果成百上千的人相信了这个故事，而且恐惧笼罩着整个国家。三、重点语法 过去完成时 1. 概念： 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month. 到上个月末为止，我们已经学了30课。 2. 构成：had+过去分词 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，或是由过去持续到现在的动作，与现在有关。 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发
12、生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！） We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） Mr. Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.（来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟！） 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的
13、状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the compositioncompetition.过去完成时练习题( ) 1.By the time the war _, most of the people had left.A.was began B. was broken outC.broke out D. had been broken out( )2.The bus had gone when I at the bus stopAhave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Damarriving
